SEPSIS

Question 1

Acceleration of the identification of sepsis-inducing bacteria in cultures of dog and cat blood
Ulrich JSAP 2020

Answer 1

MALDI-TOF MS analysis combined with the Sepsityper kit is a reliable tool for a quick detection of veterinary-relevant bacterial species directly from blood culture bottles. This approach could reduce the time for identification of critical species to only 24 hours.

Question 2

Hypophosphatemia in Dogs With Presumptive Sepsis: A Retrospective Study (2008-2018) Chu Frontiers 2021

Answer 2

• dogs with hypophosphatemia, a presumed diagnosis of sepsis was associated with increased mortality
• dogs with presumptive sepsis, hypophosphatemia was not associated with outcome.

Question 3

Circulating Methemoblogin Fraction in Dogs With Sepsis Troia 2020 Frontiers

Answer 3

mild methemoglobinemia is detected in dogs with sepsis, and methemoglobin values above the RI might be associated with a worse outcome.

Question 4

Evaluation of Serum Apolipoprotein A1 in Canine Sepsis Giunti 2020 Frontiers

Answer 4

Apo-A1 might support a diagnosis of canine septic peritonitis with a potential prognostic significance.

Question 5

Evaluation of the host cytokine response in dogs with sepsis and noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome Goggs 2019 JVECC

Answer 5

Dogs with sepsis have significantly increased concentrations of HMGB-1 and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, CXCL8, and KC-like.
- Increased CCL2 concentration is a negative prognostic indicator in dogs with sepsis.

Question 6

Prospective evaluation of plasma lactate parameters for prognosticating dogs with shock BLuntinger 2021 JVECC

Answer 6

While neither single APPLEfast nor admission plasma lactate concentration could discriminate between hospital survivors and non-survivors, measures of lactate clearance can prognosticate survival in dogs with shock.

Question 7

Serum procalcitonin concentrations in dogs with induced endotoxemia JVIM 2020 Easley et al

Answer 7

Procalcitonin expression is likely to be a clinically useful biomarker for sepsis in dogs and might have an additional role in prognostication and therapeutic decision-making.

Question 8

Feasibility study evaluating a veterinary point-of-care urine culture system for diagnosing septic peritonitis JVECC 2021

Answer 8

Point-of-care urine culture systems valuated in this study was less sensitive and less rapid for diagnosing septic peritonitis than blood glucose to peritoneal effusion glucose ratio and plasma lactate to peritoneal effusion glucose ratio

Question 9

Clinical features and outcome of septic shock in dogs: 37 Cases (2008-2015) JVECC 2021 Summers

Answer 9

Mean number of organ dysfunction was 3.24 ± 1.0, and included cardiovascular (100%), respiratory (73%), hematologic (68%), renal (49%), and hepatic (32%) dysfunction
Mortality rate was 81.1%. Survivors were more likely to have a feeding tube, have GI sepsis over resp failure.
Survivors received 4.1 ± 1.3 interventions, whereas nonsurvivors received 2.4 ± 1.4 - Early antimicrobial therapy and the utilization of treatment bundles may increase survivability in dogs with septic shock.

Question 10

Evaluation of the quick sequential organ failure assessment score plus lactate in critically ill dogs JSAP Ortolani 2021

Answer 10

quick sequential organ failure assessment was not able to predict survival in a general population of critically ill patients

Question 11

The predominance and diagnostic value of neutrophils in differentiating transudates and exudates in dogs vet clin path 2021 Alonso

Answer 11

Although effusions with <50% neutrophils are transudates, most transudates and exudates have ≥50% neutrophils, limiting the diagnostic usefulness of % neutrophils for classifying effusions.

Question 12

Biomarker Guided Diagnosis of Septic Peritonitis in Dogs Goggs 2019 Frontiers

Answer 12

septic peritonitis vs ascites

Dogs with SP had significantly greater effusion CCL2, IL-6, IL-10, and lactate concentrations than dogs with ascites.
Blood-effusion concentration gradients of CCL2, glucose, IL-6, IL-10, and lactate were significantly different in dogs with SP compared to dogs with ascites - lactate performed well

effusion lactate concentration of 4.2 mmol/L was 72.2% sensitive and 84.2% specific for the diagnosis of SP.

Question 13

Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome: A pilot study in 21 dogs MArchetti Vet Journal 2021

Answer 13

In this study, CIRCI and low-dose hydrocortisone treatment were not significantly associated with mortality, but basal hypercortisolemia was associated with increased mortality.

Question 14

A retrospective study of 237 dogs hospitalized with suspected acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome: Disease severity, treatment, and outcome JVIM 2021 Dupont

Answer 14

The majority of dogs hospitalized with suspected AHDS improve rapidly with symptomatic treatment only, despite signs of systemic disease on initial presentation

Question 15

Retrospective evaluation of the use of hydrocortisone for treatment of suspected critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in dogs with septic shock (2010-2017): 47 cases Summers JVECCS 2021

Answer 15

HC-treated patients had a higher baseline risk of mortality than non-HC-treated patients.
There was no significant difference in survival between the HC-treated and non-HC-treated septic shock patients.

Question 16

Etiology and prognosis for dogs with abnormal blood glucose concentrations evaluated in an emergency room jVECC 2020 Hagley

Answer 16

Dysglycemia in nondiabetic dogs evaluated in an ER was associated with a higher mortality rate than dogs in the same population with normoglycemia
common diseases associated with hypoglycemia were sepsis, gastrointestinal disease, and neoplasia.

Question 17

Evaluation of serum cortisol concentration as a prognostic indicator for nonsurvival to hospital discharge in critically ill dogs JVIM 2020 Swales

Answer 17

optimum cutoff of Serum cortisol concentration was 7.6 μg/dL, at which the OR, sensitivity, and specificity for nonsurvival were 5.4 (95% CI, 2.7 to 10.9), 58%, and 80%, respectively

Question 18

Prognostic value of serum total thyroxine concentration at admission to an intensive care unit for critically ill dogs JAVMA 2020 Neiman

Answer 18

serum TT4 concentration at admission to an ICU had no prognostic value in this population of critically ill dogs.

Question 19

Canine platelets express functional Toll-like receptor-4: lipopolysaccharide-triggered platelet activation is dependent on adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane A2 in dogs BMC 2019 Ronald Li

Answer 19

expression of functional TLR4 on canine platelets may contribute to hypercoagulability in clinical septic dogs. Cyclooxygenase and TxA2 pathways in TLR4-mediated platelet activation may present novel therapeutic targets in dogs with sepsis.

Question 20

Clinical features, outcome, and illness severity scoring in 32 dogs with urosepsis (2017-2018) JVECC 2022 Perry

Answer 20

Survival of dogs with urosepsis was good and may be higher than for other sources of sepsis. Compared to survivors, nonsurvivors had more dysfunctional organs and higher illness severity scores,