separation techniques Flashcards
what are the separation techniques
- magnetic attraction
- filtration
- evaporation
- distillation
- chromatography
what do we have to consider when choosing separation techniques
- Physical properties of constituents of mixtures
- Cost
- Reliability
- Environmental impact
what is the purpose of magnetic attraction
To separate magnetic substances from non-magnetic substances
what is the purpose of filtration
To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid mixture. (process of separating substances of different particle sizes using a sieve)
how does filtration work
The filter paper has tiny pores that allow the small liquid particles to pass through, but not the larger solid particles.
what is the purpose of evaporation
To separate a dissolved solute (solid) from a solvent (liquid)
Solvent changes from liquid to gas at a much lower temperature than solute.
what is the purpose of distillation
To separate substances with different boiling points through boiling and condensation.
what is the direction of water in distillation
B.I.T.O
bottom in top out
what is the purpose of chromatography
To separate small amounts of substances that dissolve to different extents in a particular solvent.
in chromatography, substances that are more soluble in solvent…….
travel longer distances from starting point
in chromatography, Substances that are insoluble in solvent….
remain at starting point
why must the starting line be drawn in pencil
Pencil is insoluble in solvent used, will not interfere with results
why must the spots be small at the starting line
Ensure clear separation, no overlapping of spots during separation
why must the water be below starting line at the start of experiment
Prevent sample from dissolving in solvent before separation takes place
what is the purpose of boiling chips
to ensure smooth boiling
