particulate nature of matter Flashcards
what are the different states of matter
- solid
- liquid
- gas
what are the physical properties of solid
- definite volume
- definite shape
- cannot be compressed
what are the physical properties of liquid
- definite volume
- no definite shape
- cannot be compressed
what are the physical properties of gas
- no definite volume
- no definite shape
- can be compressed
what are the properties of the atoms in solid
- Very closely packed in an orderly manner
- Vibrate about their fixed positions
- Very strong forces of attraction
what are the properties of the atoms in liquid
- Closely packed in a disorderly manner
- Move randomly and slide past one another
- Strong forces of attraction
what are the properties of the atoms in gas
- Far apart and arranged in a disorderly manner
- Move randomly and quickly
- weak forces of attraction
Describe the motion of the particles as the temperature is rising.
Particles move faster as they gain kinetic energy.
Describe the changes to the water particles in terms of arrangement and movement as ice melts.
Particles become closely packed in a disorderly manner. Particles start to move randomly and slide past one another.
Describe the changes to the water particles in terms of arrangement and movement as water boils.
Particles start to move farther apart;
Movement is random and particles move faster
Explain why temperature remains unchanged during melting and boiling even though heat is supplied.
Heat energy supplied is used to overcome forces of attraction between particles instead of increasing the temperature.
Temperature remains constant until all of the solid is melted / all of the liquid is boiled / a complete change in state is achieved
what is diffusion
the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration
what is osmosis
the movement of molecules from a region of higher water potential to lower water potential via a semi-permeable membrane
how is osmosis different from diffusion
- osmosis requires a semi-permeable membrane but diffusion does not
- osmosis is only for water
when the animal cell has less water potential than outside the cell, what would the cell feel/look like
will swell and burst / undergo lysis.
when the animal cell has more water potential than outside the cell, what would the cell feel/look like
shrink / undergo crenation.
when the plant cell has less water potential than outside the cell, what would the cell feel/look like
will expand. The cell wall prevents the cell from bursting. (Cell is turgid.)
when the plant cell has more water potential than outside the cell, what would the cell feel/look like
will shrink and the cell membrane will pull away from the cell wall / undergo plasmolysis. (Cell is flaccid.)
what are the steps to answering osmosis questions
- which area has more/less water potential
- the direction of the water molecules
- what would happen to the cell
