particulate nature of matter

Question 1

what are the different states of matter

Answer 1

• solid
• liquid
• gas

Question 2

what are the physical properties of solid

Answer 2

• definite volume
• definite shape
• cannot be compressed

Question 3

what are the physical properties of liquid

Answer 3

• definite volume
• no definite shape
• cannot be compressed

Question 4

what are the physical properties of gas

Answer 4

• no definite volume
• no definite shape
• can be compressed

Question 5

what are the properties of the atoms in solid

Answer 5

• Very closely packed in an orderly manner
• Vibrate about their fixed positions
• Very strong forces of attraction

Question 6

what are the properties of the atoms in liquid

Answer 6

• Closely packed in a disorderly manner
• Move randomly and slide past one another
• Strong forces of attraction

Question 7

what are the properties of the atoms in gas

Answer 7

• Far apart and arranged in a disorderly manner
• Move randomly and quickly
• weak forces of attraction

Question 8

Describe the motion of the particles as the temperature is rising.

Answer 8

Particles move faster as they gain kinetic energy.

Question 9

Describe the changes to the water particles in terms of arrangement and movement as ice melts.

Answer 9

Particles become closely packed in a disorderly manner. Particles start to move randomly and slide past one another.

Question 10

Describe the changes to the water particles in terms of arrangement and movement as water boils.

Answer 10

Particles start to move farther apart;
Movement is random and particles move faster

Question 11

Explain why temperature remains unchanged during melting and boiling even though heat is supplied.

Answer 11

Heat energy supplied is used to overcome forces of attraction between particles instead of increasing the temperature.
Temperature remains constant until all of the solid is melted / all of the liquid is boiled / a complete change in state is achieved

Question 12

what is diffusion

Answer 12

the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 13

what is osmosis

Answer 13

the movement of molecules from a region of higher water potential to lower water potential via a semi-permeable membrane

Question 14

how is osmosis different from diffusion

Answer 14

• osmosis requires a semi-permeable membrane but diffusion does not
• osmosis is only for water

Question 15

when the animal cell has less water potential than outside the cell, what would the cell feel/look like

Answer 15

will swell and burst / undergo lysis.

Question 16

when the animal cell has more water potential than outside the cell, what would the cell feel/look like

Answer 16

shrink / undergo crenation.

Question 17

when the plant cell has less water potential than outside the cell, what would the cell feel/look like

Answer 17

will expand. The cell wall prevents the cell from bursting. (Cell is turgid.)

Question 18

when the plant cell has more water potential than outside the cell, what would the cell feel/look like

Answer 18

will shrink and the cell membrane will pull away from the cell wall / undergo plasmolysis. (Cell is flaccid.)

Question 19

what are the steps to answering osmosis questions

Answer 19

1. which area has more/less water potential
2. the direction of the water molecules
3. what would happen to the cell