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Phase 2 > Separation Standard decision making > Flashcards

Separation Standard decision making Flashcards

1
Q

Define longitudinal tracks

A

Same/Reciprocal – less than 45, greater than 135 degrees

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2
Q

Define lateral tracks

A

Greater than 45 and less than 135 degrees

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3
Q

When must you peg speeds?

A
  • If pilots report speeds with difference of less than 10kts or M0.02
  • When closing speed is greater than 35kts or M0.06
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4
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* lateral track angle
* ground speed >300kts
* A/2/4/5/T

A

T8a/b
Protection of crossing point by 15 minutes

check the estimates for the crossing point (either PETOs or use the ETO tool). If the difference is 15 minutes or greater, you have T8

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5
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* lateral track angle
* ground speed < 300kts
* A/2/4/5/T

A

No available standard.
always check that groundspeed is above 300kts when looking for T8

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6
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* lateral track angle
* ground speed >300kts
* Z

A

No available standard
check equipment codes. Z aircraft do not have required SCNS for T8

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7
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* longitudinal track angle
* same track
* 10 minutes between aircraft

A

T2 (10 minutes)

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8
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* longitudinal track angle
* same track
* less than 10 minutes between aircraft
* A/2/4

A
  • D1 – 20DME (climb)
  • D2 – 20DME (cruise, if closing speed greater than 35kts/M0.06 impose speed restriction)
  • D3 – 20DME (descent)
  • D4 – 15DME go through

NB. GNSS can be used for each of these standards, as A/2/4 aircraft have required RNP2/RNP4 approval.

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9
Q

How often do distance standards need to be checked? I.e. ask for pilot reports of distance to/from a common point and their speed?

A

30 minutes
15 minutes if speeds closing

(set your SARTIMER based on the speeds at the time they are given. If closing when given, set for 15 (10 to give yourself space) even if you peg the speed. You can recheck for distance once pegged, and as they are no longer closing can reset the SARTIMER for 30 (25 to give yourself space) minutes

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10
Q

For aircraft cruising at the same level (i.e. not vertically separated), what is the limit for closing speeds?

A

35kts or M0.06

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11
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* longitudinal track angle
* same track
* less than 10 minutes between aircraft
* 5/T

A

R3
30RNAV

NB. Peg speeds if pilots report difference of less than 10kts/M0.02
Can also be used for A/2/4 aircraft

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12
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* longitudinal track angle
* same track
* less than 10 minutes between aircraft
* Z
* DME equipped (checked FPL)

A

20DME
D1 through 4, only using a DME as a measure of distance

NB. Peg speeds if pilots report difference of less than 10kts/M0.02

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13
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* longitudinal track angle
* same track
* less than 10 minutes between aircraft
* Z
* not DME equipped (checked FPL)

A

No available standard

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14
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* longitudinal track angle
* reciprocal tracks
* pre time of passing
* 10 minutes between aircraft

A

T6a

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15
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* longitudinal track angle
* reciprocal tracks
* post time of passing
* 10 minutes between aircraft

A

T6b

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16
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* longitudinal track angle
* reciprocal tracks
* post time of passing
* A/2/4

A

D8b
5 GNSS

Use GNSS distance, do not mix with DME.
Only applicable with definite passing, distance opening.

you may use DME, but one aircraft must be within 20NM of the DME for standard to be valid

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17
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* longitudinal track angle
* reciprocal tracks
* post time of passing
* 5/T

A

R2
20 RNAV

Use between aircraft with approved SCNS. Can mix GNSS and DME.

Use when reported distances from the same waypoint indicate the aircraft are definitely passed, and the distance is opening.

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18
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* longitudinal track angle
* reciprocal tracks
* post time of passing
* Z (DME listed in FPL)

A

D8a
10 DME

DME distances only, when reports indicate aircraft definitely passed and distance opening. If DME distance greater than 180NM, increase standard to 12NM (NB Samir says not to use if 180NM away

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19
Q

Scenario:
* no vert
* longitudinal track angle
* reciprocal tracks
* post time of passing
* Z (no DME in FPL)

A

No available standard.

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20
Q

What are the conditions for using an off-track beacon or waypoint to run a distance standard?

A

When applying same direction distance separation, you may use an off-track waypoint or beacon provided that the distance reports from both aircraft are together increasing or decreasing.

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21
Q

True or False
When applying a distance standard, you must obtain all reports with reference to the same beacon/waypoint.

A

True.

Both aircraft’s reports must be made with reference to the same beacon/waypoint.

22
Q

What are the conditions for applying the same distance standard to aircraft when different route clearances apply?

A

Track the leading aircraft directly to or from the beacon/waypoint.

i.e. pick the leader, and only measure from where that aircraft is tracking/has tracked. Any deviation request made by the leading aircraft invalidates the distance standard, as it is no longer tracking direct to the beacon/waypoint and the distance between the aircraft will close as a result.

23
Q

True or False
A TACAN distance cannot be substituted for a DME distance

A

False. You can use TACAN distances for the same purpose as DME

MATS 10.3.5.1

24
Q

What is the RNAV Capability of an A category aircraft?

A

7 NM

25
Q

What is the RNAV Capability of a 2 category aircraft?

A

7 NM

26
Q

What is the RNAV Capability of a 4 category aircraft?

A

14 NM

27
Q

What is the RNAV Capability of a 5 category aircraft?

A

14 NM

28
Q

What is the RNAV Capability of a T category aircraft?

A

14 NM

29
Q

What is the RNAV Capability of a Z category aircraft?

A

30 NM

30
Q

Phraseology: establishing T7a – Definite Passing, opposite sides NAVAID

A
  1. “ABC confirm [direction] of [location] [navaid]”
  2. “DEF confirm [direction] of [location] [navaid]”

both aircraft must report passing the same positive radio fix

Issue CAUTION WAKE TURBULENCE to lighter of the two when giving level change

31
Q

Phraseology: establishing T7c – Definite Passing, sight and pass

A

“[c/s] report in-flight conditions”
if conditions are suitable for this standard, then proceed–

“[c/s] Confirm sighting and passing opposite direction [aircraft type] [thousands of feet] [above/below], estimated time of passing [time]”

both aircraft must report sighting and passing the other, by day

Issue CAUTION WAKE TURBULENCE to the lighter of the two aircraft when giving level change

32
Q

HMI – T7c Sight and Pass

A

S+P in label of aircraft when instructed to report. Remove upon receipt of report.

Alternative: both aircraft’s callsigns on scratchpad, with S+P written next to them. Tick when reported sight and pass

33
Q

Most applicable track angle for use of T7c – Sight and Pass

A

Reciprocal tracks

34
Q

Phraseology: requesting distance and speed reports in order to apply a distance standard

A

[leading c/s] and [trailing c/s], IN TURN REPORT [GNSS/DME/RNAV] DISTANCE FROM [beacon/waypoint] AND SPEED AT [level]

35
Q

HMI: process for distance and speed reports

A
  1. write both aircrafts’ reports on your scratchpad, along with the time the report was made
  2. determine the distance between the two
  3. determine if the speeds are closing, requiring 15 minute checks (do they infringe the 35kt/M0.06 speed limit? Do they differ by less than 10kts or M0.02? If so, peg the speeds)
  4. record the distance and time established in the label of the following aircraft as [distance] [D, G, R]@[time]
  5. Set the SARTIMER of the following aircraft to either 20 minutes (if 30 minutes check required) or 10 minutes (if 15 minutes check required)
36
Q

Phraseology: speed restrictions for aircraft to maintain a distance standard

A

[c/s] maintain [speed] knots or [greater/less]

Pilots must readback

37
Q

HMI: speed restrictions to maintain a distance standard

A

Asterisk in label data, input [speed]G for greater, [speed]L for less, S[speed] for maintain in global ops

38
Q

Phraseology – coordinating a distance standard to the next sector (YMMM only)

A

[c/s], [c/s], distance in the label, speed in the global

39
Q

Phraseology – coordinating a distance standard across the FDRG

A

Read the info in the label to the next sector, as they will not be able to see it.

40
Q

Establishing T6a

Phraseology and HMI

A
  1. standby, request in label
  2. identify conflicts and coordination requirements
  3. TOP conflicting aircraft, TXA on screen
  4. Parameter is 10 minutes prior to the TOP
  5. Is it reasonable for the aircraft to meet this restriction? Remember reasonableness check of 1000 ft/min for most aircraft
  6. Record the restriction you plan to impose in the label/local/global as R[level]XT[time].
  7. issue restriction, amend CFL
  8. remove dot from label, or chevron ops field, upon readback
  9. set SARTIMER for shortly before the restriction to monitor it
  10. if standard will not be met upon reassessment at this time, consider alternative standard, ensure vert is maintained at 10 mins prior to TOP
41
Q

How do you determine T6b – 10 minutes post TOP?

A

Anchor one 10 minute BRL behind one aircraft, and run another behind the second. If there is a gap between the BRLs, you have proven that more than 10 minutes exist, therefore have the standard.

42
Q

Full HMI for establishing and recording a go through distance standard

A
  1. Record request in the label
  2. Designate/RTE all aircraft, and IQL all potential conflicts
  3. Prove out or separate each pair
  4. Request distances for aircraft requiring go through and conflict partner
  5. Record these on the scratchpad, and the maths to establish the standard
  6. Asterisk in label (to indicate information elsewhere)
  7. Issue level
  8. Remove asterisk once go through completed
43
Q

Full HMI for establishing and recording a D1/D2/D3/R3 distance standard speeds not closing

A
  1. Record request in the label
  2. Designate/RTE all aircraft, and IQL all potential conflicts
  3. Prove out or separate each pair
  4. Request distances for aircraft requiring standard, and speeds if groundspeed close in label
  5. Record on scratch pad for each, and complete maths. nn[G/D/R]@[time]
  6. If standard exists, and speeds do not require pegging, record the standard in the label of the following aircraft
  7. Set a SARTIMER for 20 minutes to monitor the standard and repeat the above steps.
  8. Issue the change, and amend the CFL concurrently. Wait for readback to green it.
44
Q

Full HMI for establishing and recording a D1/D2/D3/R3 distance standard speeds are closing

A
  1. Record request in the label
  2. Designate/RTE all aircraft, and IQL all potential conflicts
  3. Prove out or separate each pair
  4. Request distances for aircraft requiring standard, and speeds if groundspeed close in label
  5. Record on scratch pad for each, and complete maths. nn[G/D/R]@[time]
  6. If speeds are closing at a rate less than 35kts or M0.06, or are no closer to each other than 10kts or M0.02 they do not require pegging (although why wouldn’t you? )
  7. Record the standard in the label of the following aircraft
  8. Set a SARTIMER for 10 minutes to monitor the standard and repeat the above steps.
45
Q

True or False
If speeds are closing, regardless of being within the speed limit of 35kts/M0.06 or not, you should peg them

A

True.
This prevents the constant interruption of 10 minute SARTIMERs to monitor a standard, when you could decrease this to 20 minutes

46
Q

Phraseology – cancelling speed restrictions

A

[c/s] RESUME NORMAL SPEED

you would also remove any HMI related to the restriction

47
Q

When should TOP be measured when issuing a restriction?

A

Immediately before the restriction is issued

48
Q

As a general rule of thumb, by how much can we assume it is possible for an aircraft to:
a) decrease its speed
b) increase its speed

A

a) 30kts
b) 10 kts

49
Q

With speeds closing at a rate of 10 knots, how long will it take to lose 1 NM?

A

6 minutes

50
Q

With speeds closing at a rate of 20 knots, how long will it take to lose 1 NM?

A

3 minutes

51
Q

With speeds closing at a rate of 30 knots, how long will it take to lose 1 NM?

A

2 minutes

52
Q

With speeds closing at a rate of 60 knots, how long will it take to lose 1 NM?

A

1 minute

Phase 2 (21 decks)

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