Lateral Separation Flashcards
What is the key lateral separation standard?
1 nautical mile between all possible positions of two aircraft
MATS 10.4.2.1.1
Establish an aircraft’s position outside lateral conflict by determination of lateral separation through:
* application of the appropriate …. ;
* determination of the …. ;
* identification of the relevant …. ; and
* calculation of …. points;
tolerance(s)
area of conflict
BLSP
entry and exit points
Four ways to apply lateral separation
- Lateral separation diagrams
- Lateral separation tables
- Lat-C tool
- Manual plotting
What is the process for applying lateral separation?
- determine navigation (tracking) tolerances of each aircraft
- find the Area of Conflict (i.e. where the tolerances overlap)
- apply the 1 NM buffer to the Area of Conflict
- determine the BLSP (i.e. the point along the width of the AOC + 1NM which is closest to the aircraft track symbol)
- determine which method/buffer to use to establish the aircraft outside the BLSP
The four types of buffer
- Time
- RNAV buffers
- SE60
- Positive radio fix
NABA
Navigational tolerances
Area of Conflict
BLSP
Apply buffer
Navaid tolerance – VOR radial (manual plotting) using a BRL
+/- 8 degrees
+/- 5.5 degrees, rounds to 6, plus the 2 degree BRL tolerance
Navaid tolerance – NDB (manual plotting) using a BRL
+/- 9 degrees
+/- 7 degrees, plus the 2 degree BRL tolerance
For what purpose would you use the DME entry/exit points for navaid-navaid (independent) table?
Laterally separating arriving and departing aircraft
MATS 10.4.5.1
Establish entry and exit points by one of the following:
1. applying …. to the estimate for a BLSP
2. applying ….
3. applying …. and …. corrections to a BLSP
4. passage over a …. located on the …. of a BLSP from the area of conflict
5. passage over a …. located on the …. of a BLSP from the area of conflict
time buffers
area navigation tolerances
slant range, DME equipment error
visual fix, opposite side
positive radio fix, opposite side
Explain 5 in 5 out
If the first aircraft to exit the AOC does so at least 10 minutes before the second aircraft’s entry estimate, neither aircraft will be within the AOC at the same time, and 5 in/5 out exists.
This takes into account the +/- 5 minute time buffer to each aircraft’s estimate for entry or exit. Lateral separation exists if the estimate for the first aircraft’s exit point is the same or earlier than the estimate for the second aircraft’s entry point. (MATS 10.4.5.2.1)
True or False
Time restrictions can be issued to deviating aircraft
False
Aircraft deviating cannot be issued time restrictions.
True or False
Z aircraft cannot be issued distance restrictions
True
Z aircraft tolerances are cross-track only, therefore distance restrictions cannot be issued
MATS 10.4.2.1
Approved application of lateral separation
1. establishing aircraft’s position outside lateral conflict
2. applying an appropriate ATS surveillance system separation minimum; or
3. by day only, applying a 1NM buffer to the track or position of an aircraft which is determined relative to a prominent geographical feature provided the aircraft is
a) tracking …. and
b) not more than …. above the geographical feature
- outside lateral conflict
- separation minimum
- 1NM buffer; prominent geographical feature
a) visually
b) 10,000ft
MATS 10.4.2.1.1
Establish an aircraft’s position outside lateral conflict
a) determination of lateral separation through:
i) application of appropriate ….
ii) determination of ….
iii) identification of the relevant ….
iv) calculation of …. and ….
b) …. of a ….’s position relative to another aircraft or activity
c) the application of …. and visual observation of an aircraft (PJE)
i) tolerance(s)
ii) area of conflict
iii) BLSP
iv) entry and exit points
b) visual observation; departing aircraft
c) navigational tolerances
MATS 10.4.3.3
When applying lateral separation between an identified aircraft and a non-identified
aircraft:
a) apply a tolerance equal to the applicable …. to the identified aircraft;
b) apply the appropriate …. to the non-identified aircraft; and
c) ensure the identified aircraft will …. until another standard is in place.
a) ATS surveillance separation minima
b) independent tolerance
c) remain identified
MATS 10.4.4.1
Determining the area of conflict
Determine an area of conflict by applying tolerances between:
a) …. ; or
b) an aircraft and an ….
a) two aircraft
b) airspace boundary
MATS 10.4.4.2.1
Lateral separation from non-flying areas
The addition of a 1 NM buffer for lateral separation is not required for:
a) …. within a …. area; or
b) airspaces with …. activity
a) parachutists, PJE
b) non-flying
MATS 10.4.5.4
Lateral separation using time
Calculate the times for entering or leaving lateral conflict for each aircraft by:
a) Calculate the ….
b) Calculate a …. applicable to the aircraft
c) …. the time buffer from the first BLSP estimate to calculate the entry point; and
d) …. the time buffer to the last BLSP estimate to calculate the exit point.
a) estimate for the BLSP
b) time buffer half the longitudinal time standard
c) subtract
d) add
MATS 10.4.5.4.1
Lateral separation exists
Consider lateral separation to exist if the estimate for the first aircraft’s exit point is …. than the estimate for the second aircraft’s entry point.
The same or earlier
MATS 10.4.5.6
Lateral separation using area navigation
To calculate an entry or exit point using an area navigation distance:
a) calculate the distance to the …. ; and
b) if the area of conflict is based on one or more cross track tolerances, apply a distance buffer equal to the …. of the aircraft, to a position outside the area of conflict.
a) BLSP
b) area navigation CEP
MATS 10.4.5.7
Lateral separation using DME
Calculate a DME based lateral separation entry or exit point as follows:
a) Determine the distance from …. to the …. ;
b) If the area of conflict (or part of it) is between the BLSP and the DME site, add the …. to the BLSP distance
c) Apply the correction for…. to the distance derived from steps 1 and 2, away from the area of conflict; and
d) Where the lateral separation point is less than …. from and between …. , subtract 1 NM from the distance derived at step 3.
S/E/60
a) the DME site; BLSP
b) slant range correction
c) DME equipment error
d) 60NM; the AoC and DME site
