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Science > Separating Mixtures > Flashcards

Separating Mixtures Flashcards

1
Q

pressure

A

Pressure: a push or squeeze on an object

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2
Q

Dissolved

A

Dissolved: describes a substance that has mixed completely with a liquid so that it is no longer visible. Dissolving requires the substance to separate into very small particles

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3
Q

Solution

A

Solution: a mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent. Solutions are transparent but may be coloured.

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4
Q

Solute

A

Solute: a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution

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5
Q

Solvent

A

Solvent: a substance in which a solute dissolves to form a solution

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6
Q

Aqueous solutions

A

Aqueous solutions: solutions in which water is the solvent

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7
Q

Soluble

A

Soluble: describes a substance that will dissolve in a liquid

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8
Q

Insoluble

A

Insoluble: describes a substance that will not dissolve in a liquid

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9
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Chemical reaction: a chemical change in which one or more new chemical substances is produced

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10
Q

Concentrated

A

Concentrated: describes a solution containing a large amount of solute

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11
Q

Saturated

A

Saturated: unable to dissolve any more solute

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12
Q

Dilution

A

Dilution: the process of adding more solvent to a solution to make it less concentrated

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13
Q

Suspension

A

Suspension: a mixture of a gas or liquid and an insoluble substance. The insoluble substance settles to the bottom when the mixture is left to stand

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14
Q

Filtration

A

Filtration: the process of separating suspended particles from fluid through a filter

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15
Q

Sediment

A

Sediment: Remaining solids at the bottom of the liquid

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16
Q

Colloid

A

Colloid: A cloudy mixture neither a solution nor a suspension

17
Q

Filtrate

A

Filtrate: liquid that has passed through a filter; that is, a porous material through which fluid can pass while suspended particles are retained

18
Q

Residue

A

Residue: the material remaining as a solid on a filter paper after a liquid passes through in the filtration procedure

19
Q

Emulsion

A

Emulsion: a colloid with droplets of one liquid spread evenly through another

20
Q

Decanting

A

Decanting: pouring liquid off the top when sediment has settled to the bottom of the container

21
Q

Sieving

A

Sieving: separating particles of different sizes by allowing the smaller particles to fall through holes in a container

22
Q

Separating funnel

A

Separating funnel: a pear-shaped glass container, with a tap at its base, used to separate two liquids that do not mix. Opening the tap removes the bottom liquid and the liquid floating on top is left in the funnel

23
Q

Centrifuging

A

Centrifuging: separating a mixture by rotating the container quickly. The heavier parts of the mixture move to the outside of the spinning container

24
Q

Distillation

A

Distillation: a separation technique that uses evaporation to separate substances. The mixture is heated so that one substance evaporates. The vapour is collected and condenses into a liquid

25
Q

Evaporates

A

Evaporates: change state from liquid to gas

26
Q

Water condenser

A

Water condenser: a glass device for cooling a gas to form a liquid. It is a tube within a tube. The gas flows through the inner tube while water moves through the surrounding outer tube to cool the gas

27
Q

Condenses

A

Condenses: change state from gas to liquid

28
Q

Distillate

A

Distillate: the liquid collected during distillation when the evaporated substance condenses

29
Q

Distilled water

A

Distilled water: pure water collected by condensing steam

30
Q

Crystallisation

A

Crystallisation: a separation technique that uses evaporation to separate the parts of a solution. The solvent evaporates and leaves behind the solute as crystals.

31
Q

Reverse osmosis

A

Reverse osmosis: a technique by which a fluid moves under pressure through a membrane from a high solute concentration to a lesser concentration; used to purify water

32
Q

Osmosis

A

Osmosis: the process of separating using a membrane through which one constituent cannot pass

33
Q

Paper chromatography

A

Paper chromatography: method of separating a mixture of different colours. The liquid soaks through the paper and carries the mixture with it. Some substances are carried faster than others so the substances are separated along the paper

34
Q

Plasma

A

Plasma: the yellowish, liquid part of blood that contains water, minerals, food and wastes from cells

35
Q

Red blood cells

A

Red blood cells: living cells in the blood that transport oxygen to all other living cells in the body. Oxygen is carried by the red pigment, haemoglobin

36
Q

White blood cells

A

White blood cells: living cells that fight bacteria and viruses. They are part of the human body’s immune system

37
Q

Platelets

A

Platelets: small bodies involved in blood clotting. They are responsible for healing by clumping together around a wound

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