Separating Mixtures Flashcards
What does filtration separate?
An insoluble solid from a liquid
Explain how filtration works
The filter paper will let through one substance not another
Give an example of substances filtration can be used to separate
Salt and sand
What does evaporation separate?
A soluble solid from a solution
Explain how evaporation works
When the solution is heated, the solvent evaporates and the solute is left behind as crystals
Give an example of substances evaporation can be used to separate
Salt from Salt solution
What does distillation separate?
A soluble solid from a solution
Explain how distillation works
The solvent evaporates and vapour comes out of flask into condenser, solid remains in flask, pure water runs out
Give an example of substances distillation can be used to separate
Water from salt solutions
What does fractional distillation separate?
A liquid from a mixture of immiscible liquids
Explain how fractional distillation works
In a fractional distillation, a mixture of liquids is boiled and the resulting vapors travel up a glass tube called a “fractionating column” and separate.
Give an example of substances fractional distillation can be used to separate
Water and ethanol
What does a separating funnel separate?
Two immiscible liquids
Explain how a separating funnel works
When two immiscible liquids are placed in a separatory funnel, two layers are seen. The denser solvent will be the bottom layer.
Give an example of substances a separating funnel can be used to separate
Oil and water
What does a chromatography separate?
Solids from same solvent
Explain how chromatography works
Chromatography relies on two different ‘phases’: the stationary phase , which in paper chromatography is very uniform, absorbent paper. the mobile phase is the solvent that moves through the paper, carrying different substances with it.
Give an example of substances chromatography can be used to separate
Mixture of food dyes
How can chromatography be used as an analytical technique?
Separates a mixture of chemical substances into individual components so each individual component can be analysed
Chromatography
a technique for the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension through a medium in which the components move at different rates.
In chromatography, what is the solvent front?
The level the solvent reaches when the experiment is stopped
Why is the starting line drawn in graphite in chromatography?
Graphite is insoluble in all solvents
