Atomic Structure Flashcards
Mass Number
Number of protons and neutrons
Atomic Number
Number of protons
If a neutral atom gains electrons…
It becomes a negatively charged ion
If a neutral atom loses electrons…
It becomes a positively charged ion
Neutral Atom has…
Same number of protons as electrons
Mass of Proton
1
Mass of Electron
1
Mass of Electron
Approx. 0
Charge of Proton
+1
Charge of Neutron
0
Charge of Electron
-1
Group
vertical column of elements
Period
horizontal rows of elements
Isotopes
atoms of same substance with same protons and neutrons but different electrons
Compound
two or more atoms chemically bonded together in fixed proportions
Element
A substance made up of just one type of atom
How are electron sheels arranged?
2,8,8
Name 3 differences between metals and non-metals
Metals are malleable, very conductive, strong and have high boiling points, whereas non-metals are the opposite
How do you calculate relative atomic mass?
Relative atomic mass is calculated by adding up the masses of all the isotopes of an element and then averaging them based on their relative abundance in nature.
Elements in periodic table
119
Name the diatomic elements
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Iodine, Chlorine and Bromine
Ionic compounds are generally formed between…
non-metals and metals
Ionic Bonding
Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged ion, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged ion.
Covalent Bonding
A covalent bond forms when two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons . The electrons involved are in the outer shells of the atoms. An atom that shares one or more of its electrons will complete its outer shell. Covalent bonds are strong – a lot of energy is needed to break them.
Position of metals ands non-metals in periodic table
The metals are to the left of the line (except for hydrogen, which is a nonmetal), the nonmetals are to the right of the line
Why do elements in the same group of the periodic table have similiar properties?
Same number of electrons in outer shell
Why are elements in group 1 unreactive?
Stable electron structures so don’t lose or gain electrons
What do elements of the same group have in common?
Same charge and same number of electrons in outer shell
