Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Mass Number

A

Number of protons and neutrons

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2
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons

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3
Q

If a neutral atom gains electrons…

A

It becomes a negatively charged ion

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4
Q

If a neutral atom loses electrons…

A

It becomes a positively charged ion

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5
Q

Neutral Atom has…

A

Same number of protons as electrons

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6
Q

Mass of Proton

A

1

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7
Q

Mass of Electron

A

1

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8
Q

Mass of Electron

A

Approx. 0

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9
Q

Charge of Proton

A

+1

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10
Q

Charge of Neutron

A

0

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11
Q

Charge of Electron

A

-1

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12
Q

Group

A

vertical column of elements

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13
Q

Period

A

horizontal rows of elements

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14
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms of same substance with same protons and neutrons but different electrons

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15
Q

Compound

A

two or more atoms chemically bonded together in fixed proportions

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16
Q

Element

A

A substance made up of just one type of atom

17
Q

How are electron sheels arranged?

18
Q

Name 3 differences between metals and non-metals

A

Metals are malleable, very conductive, strong and have high boiling points, whereas non-metals are the opposite

19
Q

How do you calculate relative atomic mass?

A

Relative atomic mass is calculated by adding up the masses of all the isotopes of an element and then averaging them based on their relative abundance in nature.

20
Q

Elements in periodic table

21
Q

Name the diatomic elements

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Iodine, Chlorine and Bromine

22
Q

Ionic compounds are generally formed between…

A

non-metals and metals

23
Q

Ionic Bonding

A

Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged ion, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged ion.

24
Q

Covalent Bonding

A

A covalent bond forms when two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons . The electrons involved are in the outer shells of the atoms. An atom that shares one or more of its electrons will complete its outer shell. Covalent bonds are strong – a lot of energy is needed to break them.

25
Position of metals ands non-metals in periodic table
The metals are to the left of the line (except for hydrogen, which is a nonmetal), the nonmetals are to the right of the line
26
Why do elements in the same group of the periodic table have similiar properties?
Same number of electrons in outer shell
27
Why are elements in group 1 unreactive?
Stable electron structures so don't lose or gain electrons
28
What do elements of the same group have in common?
Same charge and same number of electrons in outer shell