Sentences [321 - 330] Flashcards
330
Look at the recent ―Most Respected Companies‖ survey by the Financial Times. Who are the most respected companies and business leaders at the ………. time?
current
330
Rather …………. , they are Jack Weich and General Electric, and Bill Gates, and Microsoft ………. have achieved their world class ………… through playing nice.
predictably
both
status
330
Wetch is still remembered for the brutal ………… he led his business …………… and for the environmental pollution incidents and …………. .
downsizing through prosecutions --------------------- (formal) when you do something that is your job : >>> the prosecution of her duties
330
Microsoft has had one of the …………. profile cases of bullying market ……….. of recent times - and Gates has been able to ………….. the financial status where he can choose to give lots of money away by being ruthless in business.
highest
dominance
achieve
321
Chemistry is an extremely important topic in physiology. Most physiological processes ………… as the …….. of chemical changes that occur within the body.
occur
result
321
These changes include the influx/efflux of ions across a neuron’s membrane, causing a …….. to pass from one end to the other. Other examples include the ……. of oxygen in the blood by a protein as it ………. through the lungs for usage throughout the body.
signal
storage
passes
321
The storage of oxygen in the blood by a protein as it passes ………. the lungs for usage ……….. the body.
through
throughout
322
Snails are not traditionally known for quick thinking, but new research shows they can make …….. decisions using just two brain cells in ………… that could help engineers design more efficient robots.
complex
findings
(but new research shows (-) in findings that could help engineers)
ادامه ي جمله است در حقيقت
322
Scientists at the University of Sussex attached electrodes to the ……….. of freshwater snails as they searched for lettuce. They found that just one cell was used by the mollusk to tell if it was …….. or not, while another let it know when food was …….. .
heads
hungry
present
322
Food-searching is an example of goal-directed behavior, during which an animal must ……….. information about both its ………. environment and internal state while using as little energy as possible.
integrate (+ information)
external
———-
+ if two or more things integrate, or if you integrate them, they combine or work together in a way that makes something more effective
+++ integrate (something) into/with something
»> Colourful illustrations are integrated into the text.
»> Transport planning should be integrated with energy policy.
322
Professor George Kemenes, said: “This will eventually help us design the “brains” of robots based on the ……… of using the fewest possible ……… necessary to perform complex tasks. “What goes on in our brains when we make complex behavioral decisions and carry them …….. is poorly understood. “Our study …….. for the first time how just two neurons can create a mechanism in an animal’s brain which drives and ……….. complex decision-making tasks.
principle
components
out
reveals
optimizes
323
As the economic depression ……. in the early 30s, and as farmers had less and less money to spend in their town, banks began to fail at ……. rates.
deepened
alarming
323
After the ……. during the first 10 months of 1930, 744 banks failed – 10 times as many. In all, 9,000 banks failed during the decade of the 30s. It’s estimated that 4,000 banks ……… during the one year of 1933. By 1933, depositors saw $140 billion ……… through bank failures.
crash
failed
disappear
324
Crime …….. has a long history in Australia, and in other parts of the world. In all societies, people have tried to ………. themselves and those close to them from ……….. and other abuses.
prevention
protect
assaults
324
Every time someone locks the door to their house or their car, they practice … … … prevention. Most parents want their children to learn to be law …….. and not spend ……….. periods of their lives in prison. In this country, at least, most succeed.
a form of
abiding
extended
———-
abiding / əˈbaɪdɪŋ / adjective [ only before noun ] written
an abiding feeling or belief continues for a long time and is not likely to change SYN lasting :
Phil has a deep and abiding love for his family.
law-abiding adjective
respectful of the law and obeying it :
a law-abiding citizen
324
Only a small minority of young people become recidivist ………. In a functioning society, crime prevention is part of everyday life. While prevention can be …… at the grassroots, it is oddly neglected in mass media and political discourses.
offenders
all-pervasive
—————
recidivist / rɪˈsɪdəvəst, rɪˈsɪdɪvəst / noun [ countable ] technical
a criminal who starts doing illegal things again, even after he or she has been punished
grass roots (noun)
the grass roots the ordinary people in an organization, rather than the leaders
— grass roots adjective :
We are hoping for full participation at grass roots level.
324
When politicians, talkback radio hosts and newspaper editorialists pontificate about crime and ………. remedies, it is comparatively rare for ……….. to mention prevention. Overwhelmingly, …… is on policing, sentencing and other ‘law and order’ responses.
possible them emphasis ---------- pontificate / pɒntɪfəkeɪt, pɒntɪfɪkeɪt $ pɑn- / verb [ intransitive ]
to give your opinion about something in a way that shows you think you are always right
+++ pontificate about/on
»> Politicians are always pontificating about education.
comparatively نسبتا
325
Learning from experience plays a major role …… enabling us to do many things that we clearly were not born to do, from the simplest tasks, such as flipping a light switch, to the more complex, such as playing a musical ……. .
in
instrument
325
To many people, the term “learning” signifies the ……. that students do reading, listening, and taking tests in order to …… new information. This process, which is known as cognitive learning, is just one type of learning, however.
activities
acquire
——–
signify = to represent, mean, or be a sign of something :
نشان دادن – به معني خاصي بودن – معناي خاصي داشتن
Some tribes use special facial markings to signify status.
The image of the lion signified power and strength.
325
This process, which is known as cognitive learning, is just …….. type of learning, however. Another way that we learn is by ……. learning, which is the focus of this module.
one
associative
325
You probably ……… ……… holidays with specific sights, sounds, and smells, or foods with specific flavors and textures. We are not the only ……… with this skill even the simplest animals such as the earthworm can learn by association.
associate - certain
species
———-
+++ associate with somebody = to spend time with someone, especially someone that other people disapprove of :
»> I don’t like these layabouts you’re associating with.
326
The study of objects constitutes a relatively new field of academic ……… , commonly referred to as material culture studies. Students of material culture ,……. to understand societies, both past and present, through careful study and ……….. of the physical or material objects ………. by those societies.
enquiry
seek
observation
generated
326
The source material for study is ……….. wide, including not just human-made artefacts but also natural objects and even ……….. body parts (as you saw in the film ‘Encountering a body’).
exceptionally
preserved
326
Some specialists in the field of material culture have made …….. claims for its pre-eminence. In certain disciplines, it ……… supreme. It plays a critical role in archaeology, for example, especially in circumstances where written evidence is either patchy or non-existent.
bold
reigns
+++ reign supreme = if someone or something reigns supreme, they are the most important part of a situation or time :
مهم ترين قسمت بودن
»> It was a time when romance reigned supreme.
