Sentences [291 - 300]

Question 1

291
SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket lifted off from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on Friday at 1845 GMT (1445 EDT), reaching ……….. 9 minutes later. The rocket lofted an uncrewed …….. of SpaceX’s Dragon capsule, which is designed to one day carry both crew and to orbit.

Answer 1

orbit

mockup

mock-up   noun  [ countable ] 
  a full size model of something, made before the real thing is built, or made for a film, show etc 
\+ mock-up of 
>>> a mock-up of the system 
>>> a mock-up of a submarine

Question 2

291
“This has been a good day for SpaceX and a ………. development for the US human space flight program,” said Robyn Ringuette of SpaceX in a webcast of the launch.

Answer 2

promising

Question 3

291
Paypal co-founder Elon Musk, said he would ……….. the flight 100 per cent successful if it reached ……….. “Even if we prove out just that the first stage ……… correctly, I’d still say that’s a good day for a test,” he said.

Answer 3

consider

orbit

functions (first stage functions)

Question 4

291
“It’s a great day if both stages work correctly.” SpaceX hopes to win a NASA …….. to launch astronauts to the International Space Station using the Falcon 9. US government space shuttles, which currently make these …….. , are scheduled to …….. for safety reasons at the end of 2010.

Answer 4

contract
trips
retire
————

Question 5

292
Number and form are the essence of our world: from the ………… of the stars to the pulses of the …….., from the beats of our hearts to catching a ball or ………. our shoelaces.

Answer 5

patterns

market

+ to make a knot in a piece of string, rope etc, for example to fasten shoes or other clothes :
»> Can you tie your shoelaces by yourself?

Question 6

292
……….. on science, literature, history and philosophy, this book makes the rich ……….. of math’s brilliantly clear.

Answer 6

Drawing

+ draw on/upon something
استفاده از اطلاعات و دانش
to use information, experience, knowledge etc for a particular purpose :
»> His work draws heavily on learning theories of the 1980s.
»> She has 20 years’ teaching experience to draw on.

Question 7

293
Since biological systems with signs of ………. engineering are unlikely to have arisen from accidents or coincidences, their ……… must come from natural selection.

Answer 7

complex

organization

Question 8

293

and hence should have ………….. useful for survival and reproduction in the environments in which humans …….. .

Answer 8

functions

evolved

Question 9

293

Since biological systems with signs of complex ……… are unlikely to have arisen from accidents or ……… .

Answer 9

engineering

coincidences

Question 10

294
What can computer science tell us about what biological systems do and how they do it? Can these chemical information-processing functions be ……….. in digital computing systems? What are the …………… of developments in computer science in understanding the nature of …….?

Answer 10

replicated
implications پيامد
causality
————-
causality / kɔzæləti, kɔzælɪti $ kɒ- / noun [ uncountable ]
( formal )
the relationship between a cause and the effect that it has

Question 11

294
Aaron Sloman, author of Computer Revolution in Philosophy ………. into the world of connections between ideas developed in computer science, biology and philosophy, providing new …………. into some fundamental questions about the nature of consciousness and free …….. .

Answer 11

delves

insights

will                خواسته
--------------
>>> He accused her of trying to impose her will on others. 
\+ against your will 
>>> Collier claims the police forced him to sign a 
>>> confession against his will. 
\+ will of 
>>> the will of the people

Question 12

295
Most students ………….. legal studies will have some experience of crime, whether directly, as a victim of crime or indirectly through exposure to media ………… This means that most offences ……….. on the syllabus, such as murder, theft and rape will be familiar terms.

Answer 12

commencing
coverage (exposure to media coverage)
covered

Question 13

295
This tends to give students the ……… that they know more about criminal law than they do about other subjects on the syllabus. This can be a real disadvantage in ………. of the academic study of criminal law because it ……….. to lead students to rely on preconceived ………… of the nature and scope of the offences and to reach …………. , but often legally inaccurate, conclusions.

Answer 13

impression 
terms 
tends 
notions 
instinctive ( + conclusions)
-----------------
an idea, belief, or opinion 
ايده - نظر - عقيده
\+ notion of 
>>> misguided notions of male superiority 
>>> The traditional notion of marriage goes back thousands of years. 
>>> She had only a vague notion of what she wanted to do. 

+ accept/challenge/reject etc a notion
»> They reject the notion of group guilt.

Question 14

عقايد پيش داورانه

Answer 14

preconceived notions

Question 15

295
It is absolutely ……….. to success in criminal law that you put aside any prior knowledge of the offences and focus on the principles of law …… from statutes and cases. … … … , you will soon appreciate just how much difference there is between everyday conceptions of crime and its actuality.

Answer 15

essential 
derived 
By doing this
----------
/ ˈstætʃuːt / noun [ countable ] 
لايحه 
a law passed by a parliament, council etc and formally written down : 
>>> Protection for the consumer is "laid down by statute" (= established by law ) .

Question 16

296
BARRIE FINNIN, a professor at Monash University’s college of pharmacy in Melbourne, and PhD student Anita Schneider, …….. tested a new wrinkle ……. Twice daily, 20 male and female volunteers ……. a liquid containing Myoxinol, a patented ……… of okra (Hibiscus esculentus) seed, to one side of their ………. .

Answer 16

recently 
cure
applied 
extract 
faces
-------------

Question 17

296
On the other side they ……… a similar ……… without Myoxinol. Every week for a month their wrinkles were tested by self-assessment, photography and the size of depressions made in silicon moulds. The results were impressive. After a month the ……… and number of wrinkles on the Myoxinol-treated side were reduced by approximately 27 per cent.

Answer 17

applied
liquid
depth
—————-

depression / dɪˈpreʃ ə n / noun

[ countable ] a part of a surface that is lower than the other parts :
»> depressions in the ground

Question 18

296
But Finnin’s research, …… by a cosmetics company, is unlikely to be published in a scientific ……….. It’s hard to even find studies that show the ………. ingredients in cosmetics penetrate the skin, let alone more comprehensive research on their effects. Even when ……….. studies are commissioned, companies usually control whether the work is published in the traditional scientific literature.

Answer 18

commissioned
journal
active
rigorous
—————–
commission
= to formally ask someone to write an official report, produce a work of art for you etc :
»> The report was commissioned by the Welsh Office.
+ commission somebody to do something
»> Macmillan commissioned her to illustrate a book by Spike Milligan.

Question 19

297
English has been changing throughout its lifetime and it’s still changing today. For most of us, these changes are fine as long as they’re well and truly in the past. Paradoxically, we can be ……….. about word origins and the stories behind the structures we find in our language, but we experience a queasy …….. for any change that might be happening right under our noses.

Answer 19

curious
distaste
—————–

distaste / dɪsteɪst / noun [ uncountable ]
بي ميلي - بي رغبتي
a feeling that something or someone is unpleasant or morally offensive
+ distaste for
»> her distaste for any form of compromise

Question 20

297
There are even language critics who are ……… that English is dying, or if not dying at least being progressively ……… through long years of ……… .

Answer 20

convinced 
crippled 
mistreatment
----------------
cripple  verb [ transitive ] 

to damage something badly so that it no longer works or is no longer effective :
»> Industry is being crippled by high interest rates.

Question 21

298
Pre-Raphaelitism was Britain’s most significant and ………. 19th-century art movement. Founded in 1848, it ………… on a group of three young artists: William Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and John Everett Millais.

Answer 21

influential
centered
—————–
+ centre on/upon something ( also be centred on/upon something ) phrasal verb
if your attention centres on something or someone, or is centred on them, you pay more attention to them than anything else :
»> The debate centred on funding for health services.
»> Much of their work is centred on local development projects.

Question 22

298
These artists sought to ……. English art by radically turning away from the old studio ………. and bringing painting into direct ……….. with nature.

Answer 22

revive
tradition
contact

Question 23

298

With an eye for absolute ……….. , every detail was now to have intense realist as well as ……… meaning.

Answer 23

accuracy

symbolic

Question 24

299
Everybody needs fresh water. ………… water people, animals & plants cannot live. Although a few plants and animals can ……… do with saltwater, all humans need a constant supply of fresh water to stay ……. & healthy.

Answer 24

Without
make
fit
————–

Question 25

299
Of the …….. supply of water on the Earth, only about 3% of it is fresh, & most of that is ……… as ice & snow at the poles, or is so ……….. under the surface of the Earth that we cannot get to it.

Answer 25

total
stored
deep

Question 26

299
…….. so much of the water being out of reach, we still have a million cubic miles of it that we …… use. That’s about 4,300,000 cubic kilometers of freshwater to share out between most of the plants, animals & people on the planet!

Answer 26

Despite

can

Question 27

300
Dance has played an important role in may musicals. In some …… dance numbers are included as an excuse to add to the color and ………. of the show, but dance is more ……….. when it forms an ………. part of the plot.

Answer 27

cases 
spectacle 
effective 
integral 
--------------

Question 28

300
An early example is Richard Rodgers On Your Toes (1936) in which the story about classical ballet meeting the world of jazz enabled dance to be ……… in a way that ………….., rather than interrupts the drama.

Answer 28

introduced

enhances