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GMAT > Sentence Correction > Flashcards

Sentence Correction Flashcards

1
Q

When I see to research

A

I know that it is the idiom “to research - X” go straight into the what you want to research

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2
Q

When I see a preposition (to, about on) in the first underline

A

I know it is likely testing idioms

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3
Q

Preposition is

A

a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object. Some examples of prepositions are words like “in,” “at,” “on,” “of,” and “to.”

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4
Q

When I see that following a verb

A

I know it is to start a new clause. Then the noun after “that” will be a subject of a new clause instead of what the verb before is affecting. ex: predict that john walks vs predict john second one is predicting john vs predicting the clause of john walking

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5
Q

When I see “would be”

A

I know it is conditional and needs to be dependent on some other event or condition. ex: would be if

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6
Q

When I see the marker “less”

A

I know it’s a comparison marker used in the form “X is less than Y”

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7
Q

When I see two comparison markers (less & compared to)

A

I know the answer is wrong for redundancy

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8
Q

The past perfect tense is

A

When something happened in the past but prior to another past event referenced, so it needs to be referencing something before the other time marker. Ex: Yesterday, I was thinking about how I “had acted” last year.

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9
Q

An adverbial modifier like “ ,with “

A

is a modifier that refers to the main action (verb) in the sentence, but does not explain the entire clause. ex: He jumped crazily on the trampoline, with arms and legs flying everywhere.

If there is no action verb (ex: walk, jump, talk etc.) it does not work.

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10
Q

When I see the marker “where as”

A

I know it’s the idiom “X where as Y” where X&Y are parrallel. Compare subject to subject or verb to verb

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11
Q

When the marker “or” is used in parallelism

A

It follows the structure “X or Y” and X & Y need to be the same type of word

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12
Q

When i see one -

A

It needs to be accompanied by another -

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13
Q

When I see the marker “both”

A

I know it’s “Both X and Y” only. No “as well as”

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14
Q

If I see a lot of commas in a question with an “and”

A

I should look for parallelism issues because it may be a list

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15
Q

If you see a “that” after a noun

A

It is a modifier describing the noun right before it

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16
Q

When I see the modifier “, which”

A

I check for the closest main noun before the comma it is supposed to be modifying

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17
Q

What does an adverb do?

A

It modifies a adjective, verb or other adverb or word group. It often is a descriptor ending in “ly”

It never should modify a noun

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18
Q

When I see a marker for parallelism like “and”

A

I make sure all items fit with the root phrase.

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19
Q

When I see the marker “neither”

A

I know it’s the idiom “neither X nor Y”

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20
Q

When I see the marker “between”

A

I know it’s “between X and Y”

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21
Q

When I see the marker “distinguish”

A

I know its “distinguish” X from Y

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22
Q

When I see the markers “different” or “similar”

A

I know it’s “ X Different from Y” and “X similar to Y”

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23
Q

When I see the marker “In Contrast”

A

I know it’s “X’s Z in contrast to/with Y’s Z” Both Zs are the same

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24
Q

When I see the marker “Like”

A

I know it’s used to compare nouns only!!! No comparing prepositional phrases or clauses

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25
Q

When I see “as” in comparisons

A

I know its used to compare clauses only!!! Both parts need verbs.

No Comparing nouns

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26
Q

When I see only two things being compared

A

I know to use the comparative form of (er) of an adjective or adverb ex:shorter

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27
Q

When I see a comparison with more than 2 things

A

I know to use superlative form of est ex: shortest

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28
Q

If I see the plural version of an adverb that ends in -ly

A

I know that you need use more and not the -er from to make a comparison ex: I eat more quickly than Tom

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29
Q

If I see a comparative word such as slower

A

I know it must be followed by “than” ex: I’m taller than tom

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30
Q

When I see a question with “It or It’s” and “they, them or theirs” in different options

A

I know it’s testing plurality in pronouns, so I need to find the antecedent

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31
Q

When I see “this or these” & “that or those”

A

I need to make sure that they are not replacing nouns which should use “it, they, them”

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32
Q

When I see the marker “Ability”

A

I think about the idiom “ability to”

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33
Q

When the Marker “neither” shows up

A

I know it’s the idiom “neither X nor Y”

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34
Q

When I see the marker “allow”

A

I know it’s one of these 3 forms
“Allows noun to verb”
“was allowed to “verb”
“Allows for noun”

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35
Q

When the marker “not or not only” shows up

A

I use the structure “not X but Y”
or
“Not only X but also Y”

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36
Q

When the marker “From” shows up

A

Use structure “From X to Y”
From always has to

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37
Q

If I see X and Y

A

I make sure that the X&Y are both the same type of word. (ex: nouns + nouns)

Also if X has in then Y needs in ex: in France and in Spain

38
Q

When I see amount or less

A

I know it’s for something you can’t count
ex: amount of water or less water

39
Q

When I see number or fewer

A

I know it’s for a quantifiable item
ex: Number of hours or fewer hours

40
Q

When the marker “whether” shows up

A

I know it’s the idiom
“whether X or Y”
Or has to be there

41
Q

When I see the marker “like or unlike”

A

I know it’s the either
“X like Y”
or
Like X, Y

42
Q

When I see the marker “as” in parallelism

A

I know it’s the structure X, as Y
ex: Joe is tall, as is Niv

43
Q

When I see the marker “As adj as”

A

I know it’s “X as adj as Y”
ex: I’m as tall as sam

44
Q

When I see “View”

A

I know it’s “view X as Y”

ex: I view studying as hard

45
Q

When I see “in contrast”

A

I know it’s “In contrast to X, Y”

Don’t forget the comma

46
Q

When I see “ Mistake”

A

I know it’s “Mistake X for Y”

47
Q

When I see “Estimate”

A

I know it’s “Estimate X to be Y”

48
Q

When I see:
Consider
Declare
Make
Assume

A

I use the Idiom
“Consider XY”
ex: I declare Tom dumb
not
I consider Tom as dumb

49
Q

When I see a Q with a adjective that turns into an adverb

A

I check for meaning and see if it should modify a noun or something else

50
Q

When I see a modifier in between commas

A

I know it’s likely a non essential noun modifier

51
Q

If I see a noun modifier preceded by “that”

A

I know that it is an essential noun modifier

52
Q

If I see a which vs that split

A

I know it’s testing a noun modifier

53
Q

What are the 3 most important types of modifiers?

A
  1. Prep Phrases
  2. -ing words
  3. -ed words
54
Q

To find out what a prep phrase is modifying

A

You ask what it is describing

55
Q

To find out if a -ing or -ed word is a noun or adverbial modifier

A

You check to see if it’s surrounded by commas. if it is then it an adverbial mod and not a noun mod

56
Q

When I want to check if a -ing or -ed modifier is essential

A

I check to see if it’s surrounded by commas. If it is then it is not essential.

57
Q

When I see a , which modifier

A

I know it needs to refer to a very nearby noun

58
Q

When I see a , -ing modifier

A

I know it needs to refer to an action

59
Q

When differentiating between a “, -ing” and a “, which” modifier

A

I check to see if it should modify an action or a noun

60
Q

When I see a noun modifier

A

I know it needs to be placed as close to it’s noun as possible

61
Q

When a noun has both an essential and non essential modifier

A

You put the noun next to the essential modifier first

62
Q

If I see a noun modifier modifying a possessive noun like “bill’s”

A

I know it’s wrong because possessive nouns like “bill’s” are adjectives and not nouns

63
Q

If I see a “which, who, whose, whom”

A

I know there should be a noun modifier

64
Q

If I see a noun followed by “that”

A

I know “that” is signaling a noun modifier

65
Q

If I see a “who/whom” and “which” split

A

I need to check to see if the noun is a person or not because “who/whom” only modify people and “which” does not

66
Q

If I see the modifier marker “whose”

A

I know it can be for both people and things

67
Q

If I see “which” or “whose” following a preposition (“through”, “for”)

A

I check to see it’s correct by inverting the sentence.
ex: The Senator for whom we worked
becomes: We worked for the Senator

68
Q

When deciding between a “where” or “in which” split

A

I check to see if it’s modifying a real or metaphorical place.
Where = Real and in which = Metaphorical

69
Q

When I see a split with “When” or “in which” or “during which”

A

I know they can be swapped interchangeably

70
Q

If a prep phrase explains how, when, where or why an action occurred or answer a how much question

A

It is adverbial modifier

71
Q

When a non verb -ing or -ed word is not separated by commas

A

I know it is a noun modifier

72
Q

When I have two independent clauses and a modifier

A

I need to make sure the modifier is on the right side of the conjunction connecting the two modifiers

73
Q

A subordinate clause is

A

almost a complete sentence except it has a subordinator at the beginning ex: although

So, instead it modifies the main clause and is always an adverbial modifier.

74
Q

If there is a opening modifier

A

it should go along with the noun of the main clause that it precedes.

75
Q

If I see two connection words in the same sentence such as “Yet” and “Although”

A

I know it’s wrong because of redundancy

76
Q

If I see the word “Numbers” in the sentence

A

I know to use greater or less and not more than for comparisons

77
Q

When deciding between increase and greater

A

I need to see if it is a comparison or not. If it’s a comparison you use greater or less.

78
Q

If I see the word “and”

A

I know there is always parallelism with the structure:

X and Y or X,Y, and Z

79
Q

What do And, or, but, from/to, and rather than have in common?

A

They are all markers of parralelism

80
Q

When I see the marker “either”

A

I know it’s parallelism in the structure of “either X or Y”

No and allowed!!!

81
Q

What are the closed markers of parallelism?

A

“Both/and”
“Either/ or”
“Not/But”
“Not only/But also”
“From/To”

82
Q

When I see a closed marker of parallelism

A

I know that the X & Y elements need to be directly after each marker.

Ex: I saw both Tom and Jerry yesterday

83
Q

If I see parallelism in a prepositional phrase

A

I know that the prepositions (in, on, under, etc.) do not have to be the same.

Ex: It was important to leave the money in the drawer rather than on the table

84
Q

When I see a parallelism marker I know to

A

Check for the root phrases and distribute it to see if it’s well matched up

85
Q

What are the open markers of parallelism?

A

“And”
“Or”
“But”
“Rather than”

With these comparisons there is no beginning marker that shows where the comparison starts.

86
Q

What do you do when you recognize an open marker?

A

Step 1: Identify the parallelism marker
Step 2: Identify the Y element
Step 3: Use the Y element to identify the X element
Step 4: Identify the Root phrase and distribute it to each element.

87
Q

When I see the marker “and” preceded by only one comma

A

I know it’s connecting two independent clauses

88
Q

When I see the marker “and” preceded by two commas

A

I know it can be:
1) A list of 3 things
2) a comparison with a modifier in the middle offset by the commas.
ex: The baker looked at the wedding cake, which stood over 4 feet high, and beamed proudly.
The parallelism is between “looked” and “beamed”

89
Q

When I see as X as

A

I know it is comparing clauses with X being an adjective or an adverb
ex: I am as tall as John

90
Q

When I see “as” at the start of a prepositional phrase

A

I know that it is an adverbial modifier affecting clauses
ex: Liat worked “as a consultant” for seven years
as a consultant is a prep phrase and adverbial modifier.

91
Q

When I see a more vs greater split

A

I know to use more for numbered quantities and greater for percentage and others

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