Sentence analysis Flashcards
What are the four sentence types?
- Declarative sentences
- Interrogative sentences
- Imperative sentences
- Exclamative sentences
What are interrogative sentences?
A type of sentence that asks a question
What are Imperative sentences?
A type of sentence that gives a command, demand, or instructions
What are Exclamative sentences?
A type of sentence that conveys a strong emotion and ends with an exclamation mark!
What are declarative sentences?
A type of sentence that makes a statement, provides a fact, offers an explanation, or conveys information.
What is a clause?
A syntactic structure just below the sentence in the syntactic hierarchy.
What does a clause contain?
A subject, a verb and other constituents
Describe finite clauses
Clause that contains finite verbs and usually a subject
- Can be used independently in another context
Describe non-finite clauses
Clauses that contains non-finite verbs
- Cannot be used independently (stand alone)
What are verbless clauses / reduced clauses?
Clauses that contain no verbs
What are complex sentences?
Sentences which contain one or more clauses.
What are simple sentences?
Sentences which do not contain any clauses.
Name the three types of clauses
Nominal clauses
Adverbial clauses
Modifying clauses
Both finite and non-finite nominal clauses can function as …?
Subject Direct object Indirect object Subject complement Object complement Prepositional complement (on a non-primary level)
Adverbial clauses function as…?
Adverbials
Modifying clauses are embedded in phrases usually as … ?
Postmodifiers
List the 7 primary sentence functions
Verb, subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, object complement, adverbial
What is the thesis of the movement test?
What moves together usually belongs together
What is the thesis of the substitution test:
If a word or phrase can substitute a word or phrase in a sentence, then the substitute has the same or similar function to the word substituted in that sentence.
What do we analyse sentences on the primary level?
We find the primary sentence functions (V,S,DO,IO,SC,OC,A) and the materiel that is used to realise the functions (VP,NP,AdjP,AdvP,PP, Clause)
What do we analyse sentences beyond the primary level?
We also analyse clauses (level 2) and phrases (level 3) until we reach the word level.
