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Neurology physiology > Sensory Systems > Flashcards

Sensory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What type of nerve endings does information from pain and cold temperatures have?

A

Free nerve endings

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2
Q

What type of nerve endings does information from mechanoreceptors have?

A

Tactile nerve endings

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3
Q

What is the receptive field?

A

Responding to a stimuli over a specific area

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4
Q

What type of information and nerve endings does meissners and Merkel’s corpuscles have/recieve?

A

Both are tactile free nerve endings
contains information from tough - merkels
Contain information from light touch - meissner’s

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5
Q

What type of nerve ending is warmth and cold temperatures associated with?

A 
Warmth = ruffini corpuscle 
Cold = free nerve ending (nociceptor)
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6
Q

Is activation of the receptor (generator) potential stimulated by hyperpolarisation or depolarisation?

A

Depolarisation

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7
Q

regarding signal transduction, what determines the intensity of the stimulus?

A

the size of receptor potential which evokes firing of action potentials thus the frequency of action potentials

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8
Q

regarding signal transduction what determines the location of the stimulus?

A

the receptive field

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9
Q

regarding signal transduction, what determines acuity?

A

the density of innervation and size of receptive field

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10
Q

cutaneous sensation is mediated by what 3 types of primary afferent fibres?

A

A beta = large myelinated
A delta = small myelinated
C = unmyelinated

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11
Q

what type of stimulus does the 3 types of primary afferent fibres receive?

A

A beta = touch, pressure, vibration
A delta =cold, ‘fast pain’, pressure
C = warmth, ‘slow pain’

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12
Q

what type of fibres is proprioception mediated by?

A

Aalpha

A beta

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13
Q

what type of fibres are thermoreceptors and nociceptors?

A

Adelta & C fibres

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14
Q

what type of fibres are mechanoreceptors?

A

Aalpha & Abeta

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15
Q

where does mechanoreceptors synapse and what type of fibres do they carry?

A

Aalpha and Abeta fibres

synapse in the cuneate and gracile nuclei in brainstem

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16
Q

where type of fibres does thermoreceptors and nociceptors carry and where do they synapse?

A

Adelta & C fibres

they synapse in the dorsal horn at point of entry

17
Q

what receptors are Aalpha fibres?

A

mechanoreceptors

proprioceptors

18
Q

what receptors are Abeta fibres?

A

mechanoreceptors

proprioceptors

19
Q

what receptors carry Adelta fibres?

A

nociceptors and thermoreceptors

20
Q

what fibres are unmyelinated and what receptors are they found in?

A

C fibres in nociceptors and thermoreceptors

21
Q

what would result if there was damage to the dorsal columns?

A

loss of touch, vibration, proprioception below lesion on ipsilateral side

22
Q

what would result if there was damage of the anterolateral quadrant?

A

loss of nociceptive and temperature sensation below lesion on contralateral side

23
Q

what horn does the nociceptor and thermoreceptor fibres travel up through the spinal cord in?

A

anterolateral tract

24
Q

what horn does the mechanoreceptor fibres travel up through the spinal cord in?

A

dorsal horn

25
Q

what is adaptation?

A

after there is a constant stimulus the mechanoreceptors get used to it so the firing of action potentials decreases - you get used to the senstion so you don’t feel it i.e. putting a hat on

26
Q

regarding processing in sensory pathways, what is referred pain an example of?

A

convergence

multiple incoming mechanoreceptors synapse onto 1 neurone

27
Q

what is responsible for sharpening up stimuli?

A

lateral inhibition
neurones inhibit nearby neurones so the information being sent to the cortex is more accurate by giving better definition of boundaries

28
Q

what is signal transduction in nociceptors activated by?

A

heat
low PH
local chemical mediators i.e. bradykinin, prostaglandins, histamine

29
Q

describe the gate control theory.

A

when mechanoreceptor information enters the dorsal horn, it also gives off an interneurone which releases opioid peptides that inhibits transmitter release from nociceptor fibres heme closing the gate

30
Q

what does NSAIDs inhibit?

A

cyclo-oxygenase

31
Q

how does NSAIDS work?

A

they inhibit cycle-oxygenase which converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (prostaglandins produce inflammation)
therefore by inhibiting prostaglandin production you decrease the inflammation

32
Q

how does local anaesthetics work?

A

they block all Na action potentials and therefore all axonal transmission

33
Q

what are the 3 ways in which opiates work?

A

reduce sensitivity of nociceptors to bradykinin
block transmitter release in dorsal horn
activate descending inhibitory pathways

Neurology physiology (7 decks)

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