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Neurology physiology > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name of CN XI?

A

accessory nerve

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2
Q

what is the name of CN VIII?

A

vestibulococlear

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3
Q

what is the name of CN XII?

A

hypoglossal

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4
Q

what is the name of CN IX?

A

glossopharyngeal

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5
Q

which cranial nerves supply only sensory fibres?

A

olfactory
optic
vestibulococlear

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6
Q

which cranial nerves ONLY provide motor fibres?

A 
occulomotor 
trochlear 
abduccent 
accessory 
hypoglossal
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7
Q

which cranial nerve provide BOTH sensory and motor fibres?

A

trigeminal
facial
glossopharyngeal
vagus

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8
Q

where does the olfactory nerve exit the cranium?

A

through the foraminifera in the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

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9
Q

what is the clinical significance of the olfactory nerve exiting through the cirbiform plate?

A

the cirbiform plate is a delicate bone

rapture to this bone could tear the olfactory nerve fibres causing anosmia - loss of smell

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10
Q

which foramen does the optic nerve exit the cranium?

A

optic canal

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11
Q

what causes papiloedema?

A

increase in CSF pressure

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12
Q

where does the occulomotor nerve emerge and exit from?

A

emerges from the mid brain

exits through the superior orbital fissure

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13
Q

what are the components of the occulomotor nerve?

A

somatic motor- extra ocular muscles & eyelid LPS
visceral motor - parasympathetic supply to the pupil causing constriction and to ciliates muscle causing accommodation of the lens

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14
Q

what is the clinical term for drooping of the eyelid and what does this indicate?

A

ptosis
indicates there is loss of innervation to the levator palpebrae superioris by the occulomtor nerve
–> damage to the nerve

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15
Q

what position of the eyes indicates there is occulomotor nerve palsy?

A

the eyes are abducted and looking down

the muscles for abduction (lateral rectus - CN IV) and depression (superior orbital CN VI) aren’t affected

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16
Q

in occulomotor nerve palsy, will there be pupillary reflex?

A

no
the only time there will be is if the palsy is due to diabetes as this doesn’t cause damage to the parasympathetic fibres

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17
Q

where does the trochlear nerve emerge and exit from?

A

emerges from the dorsal surface of midbrain

exits through superior orbital fissure

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18
Q

what does the trochlear nerve innervate and what action does this have?

A

superior oblique

depression of the eye

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19
Q

where does the abducent nerve emerge and exit from?

A

emerges between pons and medulla and exits via the superior orbital fissure

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20
Q

what does the abducent nerve innervate?

A

lateral rectus which causes abduction of the eye

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21
Q

where does the trigeminal V1 branch emerge and exit from?

A

emerged from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the superior orbital fissure

22
Q

the opthalmic branch of trigeminal carries what type of fibres from where?

A

general sensory fibres from the cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, node and mucosa of nasal cavity and sinuses

23
Q

where does the maxillary branch of trigeminal emerge and exit from?

A

emerges from the pons

exits through the formate rotundum

24
Q

what does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal provide sensation to?

A 
face over the maxilla 
maxillary teeth 
temeromandibular joint 
mucosa of nose 
maxillary sinuses 
palate
25
Q

where does V3 emerge and exit from?

A

emerges from the pons and exits through foramen ovale

26
Q

what type fo fibres does mandibular branch of trigeminal carry and where?

A

general sensory to face over the mandible, mandibular teeth, temperomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth and anterior 2/3rds of tongue
somatic motor to muscles of mastication, part of digastric, tensor veil palate and tensor tympani

27
Q

paralysis of mandibular branch of trigeminal can cause paralysis of reflexes which are?

A

sneezing reflex

corneal reflex

28
Q

where does the facial nerve emerge and exit from?

A

emerges between pons and medulla, exits via internal acoustic meatus, travels through facial canal and exits through stylomastoid foramen

29
Q

where does facial nerve carry sensory fibres to?

A

special sensory - taste anterior 2/3rds of tongue & soft palate
general sensory from external acoustic meatus

30
Q

where does the facial nerve carry motor nerves to?

A

somatic motor - muscles of facial expression and scalp, stapedius of middle ear
visceral motor - submandibular and sublingual glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose and palate

31
Q

palsy of the facial nerve is also called what?

A

bells palsy

32
Q

where does the vestibulococclear nerve emerge and exit through?

A

emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus and splits into vestibular and cochlear nerves

33
Q

where does the glossopharyngeal emerge and exit from?

A

emerges from the medulla

exits from the jugular foramen

34
Q

where does the glossopharyngeal supply sensory fibres to?

A

special sensory - taste to posterior 1/3rd of tongue
general sensory - cutaneous sensations form middle ear and posterior oral cavity
visceral sensory - innervation of parotid gland

35
Q

where does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply motor nerves?

A

stylopharyngeus (swallowing)

36
Q

what can paralysis of the glossopharyngeal nerve result in?

A

loss of gag reflex and taste from back of tongue

37
Q

what nerves exit from the jugular foramen?

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory

38
Q

damage to the pharyngeal and laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve causes what effect?

A

pharyngeal branches = difficulty swallowing

laryngeal branches = difficulty talking

39
Q

what fibres does the accessory nerve carry and where?

A 
somatic motor to 
striated muscle of soft palate
pharynx
larynx
sternocleidomastoid & trapezius
40
Q

what can paralysis in the accessory nerve cause?

A

weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulders

41
Q

where does the hypoglossal nerve emerge and exit from?

A

the medulla and exits through the hypoglossal canal

42
Q

what fibres does the hypoglossal nerve carry and to where?

A

somatic motor to muscles of the tongue

43
Q

what nerve is responsible for movement of the tongue?

A

hypoglossal

44
Q

what nerves are responsible for taste of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal posterior and facial anterior (via chord tympani)

45
Q

what nerves are responsible for swallowing?

A

glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal

46
Q

what nerves are responsible for sensation and movement o the face?

A

sensation - trigeminal

movement - facial

47
Q

what nerves emerge from the midbrain?

A

occulomotor and trochlear

48
Q

what nerve emerge from the pons?

A

trigeminal nerve

49
Q

what nerve emerge from the medulla?

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory & hypoglossal

50
Q

what nerves don’t emerge from the brainstem?

A

optic and olfactory nerves

51
Q

what nerve emerge from between the pons and medulla?

A

facial, abducens, vestibulococclear nerves

Neurology physiology (7 decks)

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