Cells and tissues of the nervous system

Question 1

where is the CSF produced from?

Answer 1

the choroid plexus in each ventricle

Question 2

where is the CSF found?

Answer 2

inside the ventricles

between the pia and arachnoid matter

Question 3

where is the CSF absorbed?

Answer 3

by arachnoid villi and drain into the superior sagittal sinus

Question 4

what are the different ventricles of the brain?

Answer 4

2 lateral - within each cerebral hemisphere
III -within diencephalon
cerebral aqueduct - within cerebellum
IV - between pons and medulla and cerebellum

Question 5

is sensory divisions afferent or efferent?

Answer 5

sensory - afferent

motor- efferent

Question 6

what are th differences between neurones and glial cells?

Answer 6

neurones are excitable - glial cells are non excitable supporting cells
glial cells are much smaller

Question 7

what does a typical neurone contain in terms of dendrites and axons?

Answer 7

multiple dendrites and 1 axon

Question 8

what is th difference in the cytoplasm within the cell body of a neurones compared to its axon?

Answer 8

in the cell body = perikaryon

in the axon = axoplasm

Question 9

cell neurones’ nucleus can divide without mitosis - therefore a neurone is termed as?

Answer 9

amitotic

Question 10

what increased the conduction speed in axons?

Answer 10

myelin sheath - saltatory conduction

Question 11

what is the myelin sheath formed by in the PNS and CNS?

Answer 11

PNS = Schwann cell 
CNS = oligodendrocytes

Question 12

in what condition is the nerve conduction across axons abnormal and why?

Answer 12

nerve conduction across affected axons are abnormal in multiple sclerosis
nerve conduction is slower in some parts as there is patchy loss/scarring of the myelin sheath
this affects nerve conduction

Question 13

what does he white matter in the brain consist of?

Answer 13

bundles of myelinated axons called tracts

Question 14

what does the grey matter in the brain consist of?

Answer 14

neuronal cell bodies

Question 15

what is a collection of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS and outside the CNS called?

Answer 15

Inside CNS = nucleus

Outside CNS = ganglion

Question 16

what are the 3 types of neurones and what type of neurones do they carry?

Answer 16

multipolar - motor
bipolar - olfactory mucosa & retinal nerve fibres
pseudo unipolar - sensory

Question 17

what type of cells are found in abundance in the blood brain barrier and why?

Answer 17

astrocytes

they help in K buffering

Question 18

what 3 features help make the blood brain barrier a protective mechanism from harmful substances such as amino acids, ions and blood cells?

Answer 18

endothelium has tight junctions
thick basal lamina
foot processes of astrocytes (glial cells)

Question 19

is the blood brain barrier continuous covering the whole brain?

Answer 19

no

it is absent in a few circumventricular organs such as the thalamus and posterior pituitary

Question 20

concerning drug delivery the the CNS - what features makes the drugs able to cross the BBB?

Answer 20

drugs have the be lipid soluble or if not use suitable vectors

Question 21

what part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?

Answer 21

cerebellum

Question 22

what is the brainstem responsible for?

Answer 22

fine tuning of visceral motor innervation -

vital centres such as cardiorespiratory

Question 23

where do you find ventricle IV ?

Answer 23

posterior of medulla

Question 24

where do you find the 2 lateral ventricles?

Answer 24

in each hemisphere of the cerebrum

Question 25

where do you find the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 25

midbrain

Question 26

where do you find III ventricle?

Answer 26

cavity within the diencephalon

Question 27

what is the diencephalon composed of?

Answer 27

the thalamus (80%) and the hypothalamus

Question 28

what connects the lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle?

Answer 28

inter ventricular foramen

Question 29

what is the CSF absorbed by and how does it circulate?

Answer 29

absorbed by arachnoid vili drains into the superior sagittal sinus
circulates via the venous circulation

Question 30

what is responsible for maintenance of intracranial pressure?

Answer 30

CSF

Question 31

What type of cells are oligodendrocytes and schwann cells?

Answer 31

Glial cells

Question 32

What type of cells surround the blood brain barrier?

Answer 32

Astrocytes (type of glial cell)

Question 33

What connect the lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle?

Answer 33

Interventricular foramen

Question 34

What is the subdural space?

Answer 34

A potential space which is travelled by blood vessels penetrating into the CNS

Question 35

What is the function of the arachnoid villi?

Answer 35

They absorb CSF into the superior Sagittal sinus