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Histology Exam 4 (Endo, Blood, Sensory) > Sensory Systems > Flashcards

Sensory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Outer coat

A

Cornea + Sclera

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2
Q

Middle coat

A

Iris, Ciliary Body, Choroid

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3
Q

Inner coat

A

RPE and Neural retina

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4
Q

Cornea vasculature

A

Vessels (no blood or lymph)

Central part from diffusion of humor, peripheral part from limbic vessels

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5
Q

Corneal Layers

A 
Epithelium
Bowmans
Stroma
Decemet's membrane
Corneal endothelium
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6
Q

Corneal epithelium

A

Non ketatinized SSq

*can regenerate

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7
Q

Pain from cornea is transmitted how?

A

The epithelium is innervated by trigeminal and oculomotor

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8
Q

Bowman’s layer

A

Type 1 collagen

part of stroma

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9
Q

Stroma of cornea contains…

A

Type 1 and 5 collagen fibers

Chrondroitin and Keratan SO4 in ECM

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10
Q

Decemet’s membrane

A

Thick BM with Type 7 collagen

*MADE by corneal endothelium

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11
Q

Corneal endothelium

A

Impermeable intercellular spaces

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12
Q

Sclera composition

A

Dense CT

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13
Q

Limbus is located at…

A

Corneal-Scleral junction

**Next to Trabecular Meshwork and Canal of Schlemm

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14
Q

Aqueous humor resembles…

A

Plasma

less protein

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15
Q

Flow of Aqueous humor

A 
Anterior chamber
Trabecular network
Canal of Schlemm
Aqueous veins
Episcleral veins
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16
Q

Choroid contains…

A

melanin

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17
Q

CB uveal layer consists of…

A
  • outer layer ( = supraciliaris)
  • ciliary muscle attached to suspensatory ligament
  • layer of fenestrated capillaries
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18
Q

CB Neuroepithelial layers (2) are…

A

Outer pigmented layer continuous with RPE

Inner nonpigmented layer

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19
Q

What are ciliary processes?

A

Anterior part of CB that are folded, which produce Aqueous Humor

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20
Q

Division of aqueous flow

A

80% Schlemm

20% Uveoscleral

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21
Q

Iris is a continuation of…

A

the ciliary body

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22
Q

Lens is enclosed in…

A

thick BM membrane-ish material called CAPSULE

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23
Q

Vitreous Humor composition, fxn

A

water + hyaluronic acid

keeps lens and retina in place

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24
Q

The two retinal layers we need to know about:

A

RPE and Photoreceptor layers

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25
Q

RPE functions

A
  • absorb scattered light
  • phagocytose discs from old rods
  • release VITAMIN A into photoreceptors
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26
Q

RPE is closely adhered to…

A

choroid

may be a developmental space between RPE and rest of retina

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27
Q

Rod characteristics

A

Tall & cylindrical
Outer segment has modified cilia

DISCS from PM contain rhodopsin pigment (transmits light energy)

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28
Q

Cone characteristics

A

Short and conical
Outer segments has modified cilia

Discs and pigments sensitive to RGB light.

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29
Q

Fovea is area with only…

A

cones

This is “macular vision” = highly represented in optic nerve and visual cortex (occipital lobe)

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30
Q

Outer discs from old rods shed into…

A

space between outer segments and RPE

RPE eats discs

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31
Q

New discs made where?

A

“From below” and migrate upward

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32
Q

Which discs are shed and replaced more slowly?

A

cones

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33
Q

Optic disc is where…

A

Optic nerve exits retina.

Has NO photoreceptors

34
Q

Fovea is located where?

A

The pit in the center of the macula

35
Q

Macula vasculature

A

no retinal vessles

BUT choroid vessels abundant on the outside

36
Q

Detached retina

A

neural retina detaches from RPE

37
Q

Age related macular degeneration

A

macula and fovea lose function because RPE degenerates and forms DRUSEN ( = white spots)

allows fluid to leak behund fovea

–» foveal cones die

38
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased intraocular pressure. Anterior eye chamber cant exchange fluid via normal outflow of aqueous humor.

Compromised blood vessels of optic nerve and axons of ganglia cells

39
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa

A

Rods of peripheral retina degenerate (night blindness)

Tunnel vision, fovea spared

Black pigment in edges, thinned blood vessels at optic nerve head

40
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Vessels become distorted and numerous

Tx = Frickin’ Laser beams

41
Q

Hereditary retinal dystrophy

A

RPE can’t eat the discs from old rods

42
Q

Lacrimal gland type?

What does it contain?

A

Compound tubuloalveolar

contains lysozyme

43
Q

Outer 1/2 of EAM is supported by…

A

Elastic cartilage

44
Q

EAM contains

A

large sebaceous glands

Ceruminous glands

45
Q

Ceruminous glands are what type?

A

coiled TA

46
Q

Ear wax composition

A

ceruminous and sebaceous secretions + desquamated cells from meatus

47
Q

Tympanic cavity lined with

A

SSq that changes to Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar near the opening of the auditory tube

48
Q

Endolymph similar to

A

intracellular fluid

    • Low Na+
    • High K+
49
Q

Saccule and utricle are…

A

bodies of CT lined with SSq epithelium

50
Q

Two ducts from saccule and utricle unite to form…

A

Endolymphatic sac

51
Q

Macula are where?

A

utricle and saccule

52
Q

Types of cells in macula

A

Neuroepithelial cells
Type 1 & 2 hair cells
Support cells

53
Q

Neuroepithelial cell characteristics

A

50-100 stereocilia (sensory MV)
SINGLE Kinocilium.

Cilia extend from apical surface to otolithic membrane

54
Q

Type 1 hair cells

A

bulbar

surrounded by cup-like nerve ending

55
Q

Type 2 hair cells

A

columnar with basal nucleus

Small afferent nerve terminals with synaptic vesicles

56
Q

Support cells have…

A

prominent terminal web, basal nucleus

57
Q

Otolithic membrane composition? Contains what?

A

Made of glycoprotein

Contains Small CALCIFIED particles = Otoliths (Otoconia)

58
Q

Semicircular ducts arise at

A

Utricle

59
Q

Cristae ampullaris different from macula because

A

It has thick glycoprotein CUPULA, no otoliths

Detects rotational acceleration (macula senses linear acceleration)

60
Q

Endolymphatic sac cells

A
  • columnar with irregularly shaped nuclei
  • columnar cells with long MV
  • Phagocytic cells (MQ, PMN) resorb endolymph
61
Q

Vestibular membrane composed of

A

2 layers of squamous cells separated by BM

62
Q

Stria vascularis tissue type

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

*may secrete endolymph

63
Q

Spiral prominence tissue?

A

covered with epithelium, that is continuous with Stria vascularis and is reflected onto the Basilar Membrane

64
Q

Basilar membrane contains…

A

keratin-like fibers

65
Q

What makes the tectorial membrane

A

Secretedd by INTERDENTAL cells of the spiral sulcus

66
Q

Spiral organ of Corti lies on what?

What does it contain?

A

Basilar Membrane

Contains inner and outer tunnel

67
Q

Cochlea neuroepitheial cells do not contain what?

A

NO Kinocilium at top

only have stiff stereocilia

68
Q

Inner hair cell organization

A

single row – receive afferent snaptic terminals on basal surface

69
Q

Outer hair cell organization

A

3-5 rows within cup shaped afferent nerve ending

70
Q

which type of hair cell functions in sound reception?

A

outer hair cell

71
Q

Inner and outer pillar cells do what?

A

enclose and support the inner tunnel of corti

72
Q

Inner and outer phalangeal cells do what?

A

Support the NERVE FIBERS that form synapses with hair cells

73
Q

Significance of the cells of Hensen and border cells?

A

They mark the inner and outer borders of the spiral organ of corti

74
Q

How do pillar cells attached to basilar membrane move in response to deflection during sound?

A

Laterally

75
Q

Cupula displaced by …

A

endolymph movement

76
Q

otoliths are displaced by…

A

movement of endolymph in saccules and utricles

77
Q

Causes of nerve deafness

A

disease, drugs, loud noise

78
Q

Conductive deafness occurs before

A

Oval window

79
Q

Test for conductive deafness

A

Weber test

80
Q

Causes of conductive hearing loss

A
  • Otitis Media

- otosclerosis of middle ear

Histology Exam 4 (Endo, Blood, Sensory) (3 decks)

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