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Histology Exam 4 (Endo, Blood, Sensory) > Blood & Hemopoiesis > Flashcards

Blood & Hemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Blood =

A

Formed elements + Plasma

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2
Q

RBC’s are _____% of total blood volume

A

45%

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3
Q

Reticulocytes mature when?

A

1-2 days after entering circulation

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4
Q

Sickle cell is a change in

A

B chain. Glu–> Val mutation

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5
Q

What proteins are defective in SC-Hb

A

Band3
Ankyrin
Spectrin
*get denatured and clustered

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6
Q

Where are sickled cells sequestered (in spleen)?

A

cords and sinuses

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7
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) is a defeiciency in…

A

Spectrin

60-90% of normal

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8
Q

What happens to spherocytes?

A

they fail to pass into the splenic sinuses (stuck in cords)

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9
Q

Platelets contain…

A

Alpha Granules (lysosomal)
Dense core Granules
Many microtubules in cytoplasm

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10
Q

What do dense core granules have?

A

Serotonin, ADP, ATP, and Ca++

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11
Q

How do platelets change upon activation?

A

Ruffling of cell membrane (cytoskeletal rearrangement - MT redistribution and Actin Polymerization)

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12
Q

Neutrophils contain what?

A

Specific granules and azurophilic granules

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13
Q

Describe neutrophilic specific granules

A

small, have Alk Phosphatase

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14
Q

Describe neutrophilic azurophilic granules

A

large, have myeloperoxidase and lysosomal enzymes

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15
Q

Stab/Band cell

A

immature neutrophil – have horseshoe shaped nucleus

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16
Q

lifespan of band cell

A

6-10 hrs. in blood

3d in tissues

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17
Q

Basophilic granules contain

A

Hydrolytic enzymes
Histamine
Heparan Sulfate
Slow reacting substance

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18
Q

basophils secrete…

A

Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor

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19
Q

Basophils bind to what?

A

IgE

similar to mast cells

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20
Q

Basophil nucleus appearance

A

lobed

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21
Q

Eosinophil granules contain…

A 
Arylsulfatase
Histaminase
Acid Phosphatase
Ribonuclease
Peroxidase
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22
Q

Function of histaminase from Eosinophils

A

decreases allergic severity

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23
Q

Eosinophil nucleus appearance

A

bilobed

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24
Q

Eosinophil function

A

increase in amount during allergic reactions and parasitic infections

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25
Q

Monocyte appearance

A

Kidney shaped

contains lysosomes

26
Q

Monocyte function

A

regulation of immune response and inflammation

27
Q

Monocyte lifespan

A

1-3 days in blood

28
Q

Lymphocyte sizes

A

small 6-9
medium 10-12
large 13-18

*micrometers

29
Q

lymphocytes make up what percent of WBC?

A

20-35%

30
Q

Nucleus shape in lymphocytes

A

round/ oval for small & medium

may be RENIFORM in large

31
Q

B-Lymphoid cells derived from what?

A

bone marrow lymphoid progenitor cells

32
Q

What are Null cells?

A

Large granular lymphocytes that may differentiate into NK cells or K (killer) cells

33
Q

Bone marrow is _________ in adult because it has more _______ marrow and less _______ marrow

A

It is less hematopoietic because it has more yellow (fat-storing) marrow and less red marrow

34
Q

What locations are good sources of red marrow in adults?

A

Vertebrae, sternum, ribs, skull, pelvis, femur (proximal)

35
Q

When does hematopoiesis begin?

A

Second week of gestation in the yolk sac

sixth week in liver

36
Q

T cells have ______ than B cells

A

fewer surface projections

37
Q

what stimulates hematopoiesis?

A

CSF’s (Colony stimulating factors… a form of cytokine)

38
Q

Types of CSF’s

A

IL-7
GM-CSF
M-CSF
G-CSF

39
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

From KIDNEY, stimulates CFU-E cells to differentiate into ERYTHROBLASTS

40
Q

What happens after the initial erythroblast formation? (2 steps)

A

Ribosomes accumulate in the cytoplasm – increases Basophilia = Basophilic Erythroblast

Ribosomes bind mRNA and make Hb, which reduces basophilia = Polychromatic erythroblast

41
Q

What happens after polychromatic erythroblast stage?

A

[Hb] increases, cytoplasm turns pink = Orthochromatic Erythroblast

42
Q

What happens to the nucleus after Hemoglobin increases?

A

it condenses and undergoes HETEROCHROMATIC INVOLUTION

Cell dumps nucleus (nuclear extrusion), polyribosomes, and most mitochondria – becomes ERYTHROCYTE!

43
Q

Hb is degraded into what?

A

Bilirubin (excreted) and Iron (transported by glycoprotein Transferrin)

44
Q

Where does Iron go after Hb degradation?

A

Transferrin takes it to bone marrow to use to make new Hb

45
Q

Granulopoiesis is development from what cell type?

A

CFU-S cells

46
Q

1st Granulocyte precursor? Characteristics?

A

Myeloblast

Large nucleus with 3 or more nucleoli

NO GRANULES in basophilic cytoplasm

47
Q

Myeloblast develops into what?

When does this happen?

A

Promyelocyte

Happens when cytoplasm starts to accumulate azurophilic (nonspecific) granules

Nucleus accumulates heterochromatin

48
Q

What is a metamyelocyte?

A

A cell that has SPECIFIC granules but hasnt completed nuclear condensation & lobulation

(specific granules = neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or basophilic)

49
Q

Monocytes develop from

A

CFU-S cells

same as granulocytes, diff process that has Monoblast and Promonocyte stages

50
Q

Pathway for Neutrophil (PMN)

A 
Stem cell
Early myelocyte
Early neutrophilic myelocyte
Neutrophilic myelocyte
Neutrophilic METAmyelocyte
Neutrophil
51
Q

Thrombopoiesis involves

A

Megakaryocyte development

52
Q

Megakaryocytes are made from

A

CFU-S cells —– then Megakaryoblasts

53
Q

Megakaryocytes are only in

A

Bone marrow

54
Q

Megakaryocytes nucleus is..

A

Polyploid (cell doesn’t divide)

As high as 64N!

Process of ENDOMITOSIS

55
Q

What do Megakaryocytes release?

A

Pieces of their cytoplasm into Bone Marrow Vascular Channels — Platelets

56
Q

When do Megakaryocytes fragment?

A

when cell PM fuses with sER membranes

57
Q

Platelet lifespan

A

7-10d

58
Q

Acute Lymphocytic

A

Rapid immature WBC growth, KIDS

59
Q

Acute Myelogenous

A

Unregulated WBC from Myeloid. ADULTS

60
Q

Chronic Lymphocytic

A

B cell cancer in adult males

61
Q

Chronic Myelogenous

A

Unregulated growth of PMN, eosinophils, basophils.

Translocation between chromosome 9 & 22

62
Q

What is the Philidelphia chromosome

A

Translocation between 9 + 22

Associated with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Histology Exam 4 (Endo, Blood, Sensory) (3 decks)

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