Sensory System Flashcards
Special Senses
Vision, taste, smell, hearing
Sclera
Outer most layer of the eye. Tough white connective tissue maintains shape and provides attachment for muscle to move the eye
Cornea
The crystal clear portion of the eye that lets light enter. Many nerve endings
Choroid
Vascular layer between retina and sclera. Major blood vessel location
Ciliary Body
ring of tissue that encircles the lens. Smooth muscle fibers that help control shape of the lens
Iris
Colored portion of the eye. Regulates the entrance of light into the eye by contracting and dilating
Retina
light sensitive layer. Photoreceptors receive and transmit the focused images
Rods
Sense brightness only see white and black. very sensitive to light
Cones
Sense color. Less sensitive. has different responses to the light of different colors
In dim light what is activated(rods or cones)?
rods as the light increases the cones are stimulated
Age-related Macular Degeneration
A medical condition in which the light sensing cells in the macular malfunction and stop working. Color lose and middle of vision. VEGF pathway treatment
Choroidal Neovascularization
the creation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer. deterioration of central vision.VEGF
Corneal Neovascularization
The excessive ingrowth of blood vessels into the cornea. Diminished corneal clarity and reduction of vision.
Age related Farsightedness
a gradual, age related loss of the eyes ability to focus actively on nearby object
Artificial Retina
replacement for damaged retina rods and cones
Artificial Eye
visual device to restore functional vision
Taste
Bitter, sour, salty, sweet and umami. Each taste bud contain over 50 taste cells
Hypogeusia
A decrease in taste sensitivity
Dysgeusia
an altered or impaired sense of taste
Ageusia
complete loss of taste
Olfactory System
smell. Used to detect dangers, for recognition
olfactory receptors
G protein-coupled receptors in the cell membranes . Each cell expresses 1 type of odorant receptor. detect limited number of odorants
Central olfactory pathways
receive input from the olfactory epithelium and relay it to the specific brain limbic system
Anosmia
complete inability to detect odor
Hyposmia
reduced ablity to detect odors
Hyperosmia
increases ability to smell
parosmia
lack of ablity to identify smell
Phantosmia
olfactory hallucinations
The Outer Ear
Pina, Ear canal, eardrum
the middle ear
malleus, incus, stapes
Inner Ear
cochlea, vestibular apparatus
Pinna
Visible part of the ear. Collects and focus sound waves
ear canal
a simple tube. amplification of sound wave frequency.
Eardrum
A thin membrane. Transmits sound from air to the middle ear
Ossicles
Bones of hearing. malleus, incus, and stapes. Transmission of the sound vibration into the inner ear
Cochlea
hollow snail-shaped and conical camber of bone. Three chambers: scala vestibuli, scale media, scale tympani. cellular layer lined with hair cell
Hair cells
sensory receptor of hearing. Mechanical energy to electrical energy
Outer hair cells
mechanically amplify low-level sounds
Inner hair cells
transform the sound vibrations in the fluids into electric signals
Vestibular Apparatus
balancing. Movement and orientation in space. Semicircular canals and otoliths
Semicircular canals
Rotational movements
Otoliths
Linear accelerations
Touch
the largest organ. Detects changes of touch, pressure, temp and pain
