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Exam 1 > Sensory System > Flashcards

Sensory System Flashcards

1
Q

Special Senses

A

Vision, taste, smell, hearing

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2
Q

Sclera

A

Outer most layer of the eye. Tough white connective tissue maintains shape and provides attachment for muscle to move the eye

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3
Q

Cornea

A

The crystal clear portion of the eye that lets light enter. Many nerve endings

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4
Q

Choroid

A

Vascular layer between retina and sclera. Major blood vessel location

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5
Q

Ciliary Body

A

ring of tissue that encircles the lens. Smooth muscle fibers that help control shape of the lens

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6
Q

Iris

A

Colored portion of the eye. Regulates the entrance of light into the eye by contracting and dilating

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7
Q

Retina

A

light sensitive layer. Photoreceptors receive and transmit the focused images

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8
Q

Rods

A

Sense brightness only see white and black. very sensitive to light

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9
Q

Cones

A

Sense color. Less sensitive. has different responses to the light of different colors

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10
Q

In dim light what is activated(rods or cones)?

A

rods as the light increases the cones are stimulated

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11
Q

Age-related Macular Degeneration

A

A medical condition in which the light sensing cells in the macular malfunction and stop working. Color lose and middle of vision. VEGF pathway treatment

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12
Q

Choroidal Neovascularization

A

the creation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer. deterioration of central vision.VEGF

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13
Q

Corneal Neovascularization

A

The excessive ingrowth of blood vessels into the cornea. Diminished corneal clarity and reduction of vision.

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14
Q

Age related Farsightedness

A

a gradual, age related loss of the eyes ability to focus actively on nearby object

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15
Q

Artificial Retina

A

replacement for damaged retina rods and cones

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16
Q

Artificial Eye

A

visual device to restore functional vision

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17
Q

Taste

A

Bitter, sour, salty, sweet and umami. Each taste bud contain over 50 taste cells

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18
Q

Hypogeusia

A

A decrease in taste sensitivity

19
Q

Dysgeusia

A

an altered or impaired sense of taste

20
Q

Ageusia

A

complete loss of taste

21
Q

Olfactory System

A

smell. Used to detect dangers, for recognition

22
Q

olfactory receptors

A

G protein-coupled receptors in the cell membranes . Each cell expresses 1 type of odorant receptor. detect limited number of odorants

23
Q

Central olfactory pathways

A

receive input from the olfactory epithelium and relay it to the specific brain limbic system

24
Q

Anosmia

A

complete inability to detect odor

25
Q

Hyposmia

A

reduced ablity to detect odors

26
Q

Hyperosmia

A

increases ability to smell

27
Q

parosmia

A

lack of ablity to identify smell

28
Q

Phantosmia

A

olfactory hallucinations

29
Q

The Outer Ear

A

Pina, Ear canal, eardrum

30
Q

the middle ear

A

malleus, incus, stapes

31
Q

Inner Ear

A

cochlea, vestibular apparatus

32
Q

Pinna

A

Visible part of the ear. Collects and focus sound waves

33
Q

ear canal

A

a simple tube. amplification of sound wave frequency.

34
Q

Eardrum

A

A thin membrane. Transmits sound from air to the middle ear

35
Q

Ossicles

A

Bones of hearing. malleus, incus, and stapes. Transmission of the sound vibration into the inner ear

36
Q

Cochlea

A

hollow snail-shaped and conical camber of bone. Three chambers: scala vestibuli, scale media, scale tympani. cellular layer lined with hair cell

37
Q

Hair cells

A

sensory receptor of hearing. Mechanical energy to electrical energy

38
Q

Outer hair cells

A

mechanically amplify low-level sounds

39
Q

Inner hair cells

A

transform the sound vibrations in the fluids into electric signals

40
Q

Vestibular Apparatus

A

balancing. Movement and orientation in space. Semicircular canals and otoliths

41
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Rotational movements

42
Q

Otoliths

A

Linear accelerations

43
Q

Touch

A

the largest organ. Detects changes of touch, pressure, temp and pain

Exam 1 (4 decks)

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