Sensory System

Question 1

Special Senses

Answer 1

Vision, taste, smell, hearing

Question 2

Sclera

Answer 2

Outer most layer of the eye. Tough white connective tissue maintains shape and provides attachment for muscle to move the eye

Question 3

Cornea

Answer 3

The crystal clear portion of the eye that lets light enter. Many nerve endings

Question 4

Choroid

Answer 4

Vascular layer between retina and sclera. Major blood vessel location

Question 5

Ciliary Body

Answer 5

ring of tissue that encircles the lens. Smooth muscle fibers that help control shape of the lens

Question 6

Iris

Answer 6

Colored portion of the eye. Regulates the entrance of light into the eye by contracting and dilating

Question 7

Retina

Answer 7

light sensitive layer. Photoreceptors receive and transmit the focused images

Question 8

Rods

Answer 8

Sense brightness only see white and black. very sensitive to light

Question 9

Cones

Answer 9

Sense color. Less sensitive. has different responses to the light of different colors

Question 10

In dim light what is activated(rods or cones)?

Answer 10

rods as the light increases the cones are stimulated

Question 11

Age-related Macular Degeneration

Answer 11

A medical condition in which the light sensing cells in the macular malfunction and stop working. Color lose and middle of vision. VEGF pathway treatment

Question 12

Choroidal Neovascularization

Answer 12

the creation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer. deterioration of central vision.VEGF

Question 13

Corneal Neovascularization

Answer 13

The excessive ingrowth of blood vessels into the cornea. Diminished corneal clarity and reduction of vision.

Question 14

Age related Farsightedness

Answer 14

a gradual, age related loss of the eyes ability to focus actively on nearby object

Question 15

Artificial Retina

Answer 15

replacement for damaged retina rods and cones

Question 16

Artificial Eye

Answer 16

visual device to restore functional vision

Question 17

Taste

Answer 17

Bitter, sour, salty, sweet and umami. Each taste bud contain over 50 taste cells

Question 18

Hypogeusia

Answer 18

A decrease in taste sensitivity

Question 19

Dysgeusia

Answer 19

an altered or impaired sense of taste

Question 20

Ageusia

Answer 20

complete loss of taste

Question 21

Olfactory System

Answer 21

smell. Used to detect dangers, for recognition

Question 22

olfactory receptors

Answer 22

G protein-coupled receptors in the cell membranes . Each cell expresses 1 type of odorant receptor. detect limited number of odorants

Question 23

Central olfactory pathways

Answer 23

receive input from the olfactory epithelium and relay it to the specific brain limbic system

Question 24

Anosmia

Answer 24

complete inability to detect odor

Question 25

Hyposmia

Answer 25

reduced ablity to detect odors

Question 26

Hyperosmia

Answer 26

increases ability to smell

Question 27

parosmia

Answer 27

lack of ablity to identify smell

Question 28

Phantosmia

Answer 28

olfactory hallucinations

Question 29

The Outer Ear

Answer 29

Pina, Ear canal, eardrum

Question 30

the middle ear

Answer 30

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 31

Inner Ear

Answer 31

cochlea, vestibular apparatus

Question 32

Pinna

Answer 32

Visible part of the ear. Collects and focus sound waves

Question 33

ear canal

Answer 33

a simple tube. amplification of sound wave frequency.

Question 34

Eardrum

Answer 34

A thin membrane. Transmits sound from air to the middle ear

Question 35

Ossicles

Answer 35

Bones of hearing. malleus, incus, and stapes. Transmission of the sound vibration into the inner ear

Question 36

Cochlea

Answer 36

hollow snail-shaped and conical camber of bone. Three chambers: scala vestibuli, scale media, scale tympani. cellular layer lined with hair cell

Question 37

Hair cells

Answer 37

sensory receptor of hearing. Mechanical energy to electrical energy

Question 38

Outer hair cells

Answer 38

mechanically amplify low-level sounds

Question 39

Inner hair cells

Answer 39

transform the sound vibrations in the fluids into electric signals

Question 40

Vestibular Apparatus

Answer 40

balancing. Movement and orientation in space. Semicircular canals and otoliths

Question 41

Semicircular canals

Answer 41

Rotational movements

Question 42

Otoliths

Answer 42

Linear accelerations

Question 43

Touch

Answer 43

the largest organ. Detects changes of touch, pressure, temp and pain