Sensory Receptors

Question 1

Glutamate acts ________ and last for ________.

Answer 1

Instantaneously, a few milliseconds

Question 2

Substance P is released ________ and builds up in concentration over ________.

Answer 2

Slowly, minutes

Question 3

In an allostatic response, compensation is usually through ________, ________, and ________.

Answer 3

Posture, mechanics, metabolism

Question 4

________ are receptors responsible for touch, slow vibration.

Answer 4

Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 5

Muscle spindles are located in the ________ of the muscle and give info about muscle ________ and ________.

Answer 5

Belly, length, rate of change of length

Question 6

Aδ fibers use ________ as their neurotransmitter and terminate in the ________.

Answer 6

Glutamate, lamina marginalia of the dorsal horns

Question 7

________ are slow adaptive receptors in order to give the brain constant information.

Answer 7

Golgi tendon apparatus’

Question 8

________ are receptors responsible for pressure and joint rotation.

Answer 8

Ruffini’s end organ

Question 9

Fast, sharp pain from mechanical or heat stimuli travels on ________ rapidly.

Answer 9

Aδ fibers

Question 10

Muscle stretch reflexes are initiated by a ________.

Answer 10

Sudden stretch of muscle spindle.

Question 11

C fibers use ________ and glutamate as their neurotransmitters and terminate in the ________.

Answer 11

Substance P, substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horns

Question 12

________ are receptors responsible for fast vibration.

Answer 12

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 13

________ are rapidly adaptive receptors and give information about change as it happens.

Answer 13

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 14

Golgi tendon organs are located in muscle ________ and give info about ________ and ________.

Answer 14

Tendons, tendon tension, rate of change of tendon tension

Question 15

________ are receptors responsible for muscle stretch and load.

Answer 15

Golgi tendon apparatus

Question 16

Sensory fibers are composed of two types. ________ are activated in slow and rapid lengthening of muscle spindle fibers. ________ are activated only during slow lengthening.

Answer 16

Primary endings (annulospiral), secondary endings

Question 17

With prolonged stimulation, the frequency of action potentials ________.

Answer 17

Falls

Question 18

The ________ acts via the periaqueductal gray, periventricular areas, raphe magnus nucleus, and nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis.

Answer 18

Analgesia system

Question 19

Slow, chronic pain from chemical, mechanical, or thermal stimuli travels on ________ slowly.

Answer 19

C fibers

Question 20

Stimulation of the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus has a strong ________ effect on the entire brain.

Answer 20

Arousal

Question 21

The Golgi tendon reflex occurs when ________.

Answer 21

Stress on a tendon becomes too great

Question 22

Muscle spindles have few or lack ________.

Answer 22

Actin or myosin filaments

Question 23

The body knows when a sensory receptor is receiving more or less stimulation by ________.

Answer 23

The frequency of action potentials

Question 24

________ are receptors responsible for touch and pressure.

Answer 24

Free nerve endings

Question 25

The ends of muscle spindles contract via ________ and the mid portion contains ________.

Answer 25

Gamma motor nerve fibers, sensory fibers

Question 26

In the ALS, the primary neuron synapses in the ________, the secondary neuron synapses in the ________ and the tertiary neuron synapses in the ________.

Answer 26

Dorsal horn, thalamus, cortex

Question 27

Aδ fibers alone can localize within ________, but coupled with ________ receptors, the pain can be nearly exactly localized.

Answer 27

10 cm, tactile

Question 28

What are the two ways intensity can be increased?

Answer 28

Spatial summation and temporal summation

Question 29

The higher a stimulation risers above a threshold, the ________ the frequency of action potentials.

Answer 29

Greater

Question 30

The pathway for muscle stretch reflexes is a ________ pathway.

Answer 30

Monosynaptic