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Neuro Physiology pp > Sensory Physiology PAIN pp > Flashcards

Sensory Physiology PAIN pp Flashcards

1
Q

Nociception

A

The sensory response to a noxious stimulus

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2
Q

Pain

A

Perception of nociceptive sensory info

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3
Q

Sensory discrimination

A

Perception of exteroreceptive or enteroreceptive noxious localization

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4
Q

Motivation affective

A

emotional and sympathetic responses & associated behaviors

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5
Q

Physical pain

A

transient
localized
minimal tissue damage

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6
Q

Inflammatory pain

A

Acute & Chronic
Tissue damage
Mediated by the inflammatory process
Hypersensitivity (protective promotes healing)

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7
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Damage/alteration to the nervous system

chronic maldaptive

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8
Q

Types of pain

A

Somatic - superficial, visceral

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9
Q

Superficial pain

A

Discrete localization
Initial sharp Ad
Delayed burning C
Deep diffuse localization

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10
Q

Visceral pain

A

primarily conveyed by C type fibers
Poorly localized
Pain is referred

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11
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Elaborate a variety of receptors responsive to chemical, mechanical and/or thermal modalities

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12
Q

TRP Family

A 
TRPV1 - Capsaicin
TRPV2 - Capsaicin
TRPV3 - Camphor
TRPV4 - Camphor
TRPV8 - Menthol
TRPA 1 - Mustard oi
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13
Q

Chemical Activators

A

Potassium
Hydrogen down ASIC
Substance P tachykinin
Bradykinin B1

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14
Q

Chemical sensitizers

A

Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
ATP
Other inflammators

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15
Q

Silent nocicecptors

A

Unresponsive to non noxious until it is sensitized

Responsive to inflammation then pressure and temp

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16
Q

Pain receptor Characteristic

A

Slowly adapting
High threshold
Sensitization
Primary hyperalgesia

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17
Q

Sensitization

A

An alteration of membrane that brings the resting potential closer to treshold

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18
Q

Primary Hyperalgesia

A

Increase sensitivity to noxious and non noxious stimuli in the area and immediately surround

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19
Q

Dorsal Horn Afferent fibers

A

Travel several segments above & below in Lissauer tract to allow innervation over several adjacent segments

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20
Q

Spinothalamic neurons w/ cell bodies in lamina V

A

Receive non noxious sensory information conveyed by Aa & Ab fibers

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21
Q

Spinothalamic neurons Other

A

Ad - Received by Lamina 1 & V

C - Lamina 2 & 3

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22
Q

Nociceptive specific

A

from lamina I, II, III

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23
Q

Wide Dynamic Range

A

Both noxious and non noxious input

24
Q

Physiologic Pain

A

Acute, critical for survival, bodies own warning signal, 0.1 sec. Very adaptive
Ad mech or thermal

25
Q

Pathologic Pain

A

Chronic, begins after 1 sec after stimulus, usually associated w/ tissue injury. Maladaptive, persistant & slow conducting
Dull, throbbing,aching, nauseaus, emotional

26
Q

Nociceptive Pain

A

Physiologic pain, transient, localized, no real or minimal tissue
WARNING

27
Q

Inflammatory Pain

A 
Acute & Chronic
Tissue damage
Inflammatory process
Hypersensitivity
Protective, promotes healing
28
Q

Dysfunctional Pain

A

No understanding lesion found, disproportionate to tissue injury
IBS, Fibromyalgia

29
Q

Neuropathic Pain

A

Damage to CNS or PNS
Disproportionate to intensity of nocicepter activation
Pathologic pain, maladaptive
No protective fx

30
Q

Physio pain processing

A

Transduction
Transmission
Modulation
Perception

31
Q

Inflammatory soup 1

A

Tissue injury causes release of Bradykinin, 5HT, prostaglandins, K+ stimulate C fibers

32
Q

Inflammatory soup 2

A

Active C fiber release CGRP and Substance P, stimulates mast cells -> histamine

33
Q

Inflammatory soup 3

A

CGRP & substance P released by C fiber cause the dilation of blood vessels

34
Q

Primary Hyperalgesia

A 
Peripheral process
Spreading of action potentials
Up sensitivity
Up receptive field
Inflammatory mediators & Substance P
Activate SILENT Nociceptors
35
Q

Allodynia

A

Pain resulting from non noxious stimulus

36
Q

Axon Reflex

A 
sympathetic sensory coupling
Flare response
Coupling
Triple response
Redness, edema & wheal flare
37
Q

Cutaneous fibers

A

Ad mech + heat

C fiber polymodal

38
Q

Muscle fibers

A

Similar to joint

Respond to mech, thermal, chem & ischemia

39
Q

Articular fibers

A

2x unmye/mye
Ad small, C
respond to mech & inflammation

40
Q

Viscera

A

Predominately C fibers

Respond to mech distention & chemical

41
Q

Central Sensitization

A

Wind up
2ndary Prolonged & increased activation
Recruitment of adjacent neurons
Changing pharmacology

42
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

Modulation of intracellular signaling & changes in gene expression

43
Q

Dorsal column Medial lemniscus

A

Discriminative touch

Proprioception

44
Q

Anterolateral System

A

Temp
Pain
Crude touch

45
Q

Neospinothalamic Tract

A

Fast Ad, mech & acute temp
Lamina 1,4+5
VPL Thalamus
Primary sensory cortex

46
Q

Paleospinothalamic tract

A 
Slow C fiber,
Lamina 2,3 + 4
DM Thalamus
Limbic system
Medial affect motivation
Emotional & visceral
Release stress hormones
47
Q

Spinoreticular tract

A

Reticular formation
Motor response to pain
Descending path control

48
Q

Spinomesencephalic tract

A

Midbrain PAG
Regulation & modulation of Pain
Descending pain control
Superior colliculus - gaze to injury

49
Q

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

A 
Perception of pain
Imagining pain
Observation of pain
Attention to pain
Initiation of behavioral rxn's
50
Q

Insula

A

Relay station to the limbic system
Learning & pain
to hypothalamus

51
Q

Pain modulation

A

Gate Control Theory

Ab fibers can reactivate and fire faster than C

52
Q

PAG

A

Activates encephalin to neurons that project to Raphe nuclei in brainstem

53
Q

Rostral Ventral Medulla

A

Nucleus Raphe Magnus

5HT projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

54
Q

Locus Coeruleus pon

A

NE projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

55
Q

PAG Pain modulation

A

Ventrolateral - Sympathetic inhibition

Dorsal - Sympathetic excitation

56
Q

Pain therapies

A 
Relief
Delay
Opioid
NSAIDs
Glucocorticoids
DMARDS

Neuro Physiology pp (9 decks)

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