Basal Ganglia pp

Question 1

Body movement loop

Answer 1

Motor Cortex
Putamen
Lateral globus pallidus internal segment
Ventral lateral & ventral anterior nuclei

Question 2

Oculomotor loop

Answer 2

FEF, supplementary eye field
Posterior pariatel prefrontal cortex
Caudate body
Globus pallidus, internal segment substantia nigra pars reticulate
Mediodorsal & ventral anterior nuclei

Question 3

Prefrontal loop

Answer 3

Dorsalateral prefrontal cortex
Anterior caudate
Globus pallidus Internal segment substantia nigra pars reticulate
Mediodorsal & ventral anterior nuclei

Question 4

Limbic Loop

Answer 4

Anterior cingulate, orbital frontal cortex
Amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate, temporal cortex
Ventral striatum
Ventral pallidum
Mediodorsal nucleus

Question 5

Parkinsons Disease

Answer 5

Rhythmic tremor at rest
Slooped posture
Masklike face
Arm flex elbows
Hips knees flexed
Short shuffling steps

Question 6

Parkinsons Treatments

Answer 6

Drug L dopa, dopamine agonist
Balance dopamine & aCH in striatum
Surgery
Deep brain stimulation
Fetal transplants of dopaminergic cells

Question 7

Hemiballismus/Ballismus

Answer 7

Involuntary, violent, flinging movements of limbs while patient is awake
Associated w/ contralateral subthalamus

Question 8

Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 8

Usually iatrogenic disorder due to long term treatment w/ drugs
Antipsychotic drug may cause denvervation hypersensitivity. Too much dopamine
Rapid, repetitive stereotypic movements
Continual chewing lip smacking grimacing
Even quick choreiform