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Neuro Physiology pp > Intro to Sensory Systems pp > Flashcards

Intro to Sensory Systems pp Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanoreceptor examples

A 
Encapsulated nerve endings in the skin
Hair cells in the cochlea & vestibule
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
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2
Q

Receptor specificity

A

Normal is only affected by one stimulus

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3
Q

Receptor potential

A

membrane potential produced by transducer - local graded potential

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4
Q

Action potential

A

Created when depolarization reaches threshold, rate can increase as receptor potential rises

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5
Q

How do we know what stimulus is

A

Labeled line principle
Sensory modalities
Synesthesia

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6
Q

Labeled line response

A

Chain connects neurons from sensory receptors to the brain AREA that responds to stimulus

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7
Q

Sensory modalities

A 
Vision
Hearing
Taste
Smell
Feel
Proprioception
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8
Q

How we know where stimulus is coming from

A

Receptive field of a neuron is the region of tissue, evoke change in firing rate

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9
Q

Stimulus duration

A

Continuous signal

On/Off signal

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10
Q

Stimulus strength

A

Increase frequency of nerve impulses

Increase number of fibers activated

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11
Q

Non adapting receptor

A

Nocireceptors

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12
Q

Slowly adapting receptors

A

AKA Tonic receptors

Merkels, useful for giving continuous info about stimulus strength & duration

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13
Q

Rapidly adapting receptors

A

AKA Phasic receptors or rate receptors
Pacinian
Meissner’s
Useful for beginning and end stimulus. Disadvantage cannot give continuous signal

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14
Q

Tactile Sensations

A

Touch Crude & Light
Discriminitive
Pressure/Deep touch
Vibration

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15
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Crude Touch
Low threshold mechanoreceptors
Encapsulated ending of myelinated fibers II and Abeta or merkel

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16
Q

Merkel’s Disks

A 
Base of epidermis
Iggo dome, group together, innervated by one Abeta
Merkel cell afferent SAI
25% in hand
Highest spatial resolution
17
Q

SAA II

A

Ruffini afferent
Stretch of skin
20%

18
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A 
RA1
40% nonsensory hand
High at finger tips
Closer to skin surface than Merkel's disks
Vibration 30-50 Hz
Detects slippage
19
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A

Rapidly adapting faster than Meissner’s
250-350 Hz
Found in subcutaneous tissue

20
Q

Hair End Organ

A

Peritrichial nerve ending.
Stimulated by slight movement of hair
Adapts rapidy slower Adelta
Detects movement

21
Q

Active tactile exploration

A

Need relative movement btw skin. Accurate discrimination periphery receptors must be influenced by motor signals

22
Q

Other sensations

A 
Cold
Warmth
Pain
Itch
Free nerve ending C fibers
23
Q

Two point discrimination

A

Test depends on receptive fields and where

24
Q

Proprioception

A

sense of self

Info from joint angles, muscle length & muscle tension, input w/ vestibular input

25
Q

Importance of proprioception

A

Maintain balance
Control limb movement
evaluate shape

26
Q

Dorsal Column

A

aka Posterior column
Fine tactile discrimination, vibratory sense
Proprioceptive
Precise localization

27
Q

Lesion in dorsal column causes

A

Deficits in tactile, vibratory and proprioception

28
Q

Anterolateral System

A

Nociception transmitted, crosses midline at spinal cord

29
Q

Somatosensory SI

A

Brodmann areas 3b/a, 1, 2

30
Q

SII

A

Show attention modulated responses

31
Q

Nerve Pressure Palsy

A

Affected limb falls asleep

32
Q

Spinal root injuries

A

Impairment of cutaneous sensation
not all lost because of over lap
Peripheral neuropathies
Stocking glove patter

33
Q

Brown Sequard

A

Hemisection of spinal cord

34
Q

Aa

A

100m/s

1 muscle spindle primary Ia & GTO Ib

35
Q

Ab

A

50 m/s
muscle spindle 2
axons of cutaneous mechanoreceptors

36
Q

Ay

A

gamma motor neuron muscle spindle fibers

37
Q

Ad

A

fast pain some temp

38
Q

B

A

sympathetic preganglionic axon

39
Q

C

A

Slow pain some temp

and sympathetic post ganglionic axons

Neuro Physiology pp (9 decks)

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