sensory perception Flashcards
What are the Sensory Systems
Vision Hearing Taste Smell Touch
what cranial nerve is Vision
CN II (optic) Transmits light to the brain reflected from solid objects in the environment.
what Cranial nerve is Hearing
CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
The sense of sound perception results from tiny hair fibers in the inner ear
what cranial nerves are taste?
CN VII (Facial) & CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
4 different receptors on the tongue
what cranial nerve is smell?
CN I (Olfactory)
The detection of odor
What cranial nerve is touch?
Tactile
CN V (Trigeminal)
Pressure perception generally on the skin
What do the senses do?
Provide information about Internal environment & External environment Enable people to experience the world Allow response to changes Help body maintain homeostasis Necessary for human growth and development
what are sensory alterations
Impairment of one of the senses; examples include partial or complete loss of hearing or vision, color blindness, loss of sensation in some body part or the loss of the sense of balance
what do sensory alterations cause?
difficulty in receiving and interpreting stimuli
Persons will have difficulty interacting safely or appropriately with the environment until compensatory mechanisms are developed
what is a stimilus
Trigger that stimulates receptor
Meaning depends on reception and processing
(e.g., loud noise, bright light, sour fruit)
what is reception?
Process of receiving stimuli from nerve endings
We are receiving thousands of pieces of information at any given moment.
what are thermoreceptors
The sense of heat or absence of heat
what are proprioceptors
The sense of the relative position of neighboring parts of the body
what are photoreceptors
Detects visible light
Reception occurs…
through receptors.
what is perception?
Ability to interpret sensory impulses
Ability to give meaning to impulses
what is perception affected by
Location of receptor
Number of receptors activated
Frequency of action potentials
what is arousal
Composed of consciousness and alertness
Mediated by RAS (reticular activating system)
what is arousal affected by
Environment
Medications
what is RAS
reticular activating system
factors affecting response to sensation
Intensity of stimulus
Contrasting stimuli
Adaptation to stimuli
Previous experience
what is required to respond to sensation
Alert
Receptive to stimulation
Will react to stimuli most meaningful at the time
what are the factors affecting sensory function
Age/stage of life Culture Illness Medications Stress Personality Lifestyle
what are the different sensory alterations
Sensory deprivation Sensory overload Impaired vision Impaired hearing Impaired taste Impaired smell Impaired tactile perception Impaired kinesthetic sense
what is sensory deprivation
Inadequate quality/quantity of sensory stimulation
Reduced input, elimination of meaning of input that produces monotony or boredom
Stimulus must be strong enough to get a response
what are the cognitive effects of sensory deprivation
Reduced capacity to learn/ Poor task performance
Inability to think or problem solve
Disorientation /Bizarre thinking
what are the affective effects of sensory deprivation
Boredom
Restlessness
Increased anxiety/ Panic
Increased need for physical stimulation
what are the perceptual effects of sensory deprivation
Changes in visual/ motor coordination
Reduced color perception
Less tactile accuracy
Changes in perception of size/shape/spatial/time
what is sensory overload
Multiple stimuli that cannot be easily discarded Prevents a meaningful response Frequent/constant pain Schizophrenia ICU
what are nursing interventions for sensory overload
Minimize stimuli Less light, noise Less television/radio Calm tone Reduce noxious odors Provide rest Teach stress reduction
what nursing interventions are there for impaired vision
Attend to glasses
Sufficient light
Protect eyes in sunlight
Magnifying lens/large-print books
what must you evaluate for impaired vision
Ability to perform ADLs
Ability to remain safe in the environment
Need for assistance
what are nursing interventions for impaired hearing
Care of a hearing aid Closed-caption television Regular inspection of ear canals Techniques to improve communication Promote safety Assess for social isolation
what are nursing interventions for a confused client
Reorient frequently State your name; day, date, time Provide clocks, calendars Visual clues to time Use personal belongings Maintain safe environment Communicate clearly, slowly Explain procedures Respond to feelings Use gestures Limit choices Promote feelings of security Use alternative therapies
what are nursing interventions for an unconscious client
Continue orientation to reality Safety measures Bed in low position Side rails up Attend to body systems Eye care Range of motion Skin care/mouth care Urinary drainage Bowel management Nutrition
