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Marie- NUR 120 > Sensory Perception > Flashcards

Sensory Perception Flashcards

1
Q

sensation

A

the ability to perceive stimulation through one’s sensory organs

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2
Q

perception

A
  • the process by which we receive, organize, and interpret sensation
  • the ability to interpret sensory impulses
  • the ability to give meaning to impulses
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3
Q

sensory perception

A

the ability to receive sensory input and through various physiological processes in the body, translate the stimulus or data into meaningful information

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4
Q

normal physiological process

A
  • vision (CN 3,4,6)
  • hearing (CN 8)
  • taste (CN 9,10,12)
  • smell (CN 1)
  • touch (vibrations, temp, itch)
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5
Q

reception

A

the process of receiving stimuli from nerve endings, occurs through receptors

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6
Q

what are the types of receptors

A
  • thermoreceptors
  • proprioceptors: in the tendons, ligaments joints, coordinate out position in space
  • photoreceptors: detects visible light in retina
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7
Q

What is perception affected by?

A
  • location of receptor
  • number of receptors activated
  • frequency of action potentials (ho intense/how often)
  • changes in above
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8
Q

Arousal Mechanism

A
  • composed of consciousness and alertness
  • mediated by reticular activating system
  • depressed by anesthesia, sedation, drugs, alcohol
  • affected by environment, medications
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9
Q

What are some factors the affect response to sensations?

A
  • intensity of stimulus (intense will excite a big response)
  • contrasting stimuli (go from one extreme to another)
  • adaptation to stimuli (can get used to stimuli
  • previous experience

requires people to be:
- alert
- receptive to stimulation

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10
Q

Developmental factors

A
  • Infant: can only smell a few things
  • children: vision improves, auditory fully develops
  • adult: senses are at their peak
  • older adults: eyesight decreases (presbyopia), hearing decreases (changes within middle ear)
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11
Q

Medications

A
  • Alert the CNS
    ex. cocaine, adderall if not prescribed
  • depress the CNS
    ex. alcohol, ativan, opioids, analgesics
  • cause impairment to the senses
    ex. aspirin over time, hypertension can impair taste buds, chemo drugs and lasix can impair hearing
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12
Q

factors contributing to sensory alteration

A
  • sensory alteration
  • sensory deprivation
  • sensory deficits
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13
Q

what is sensory overload

A

develops when environmental and or internal stimuli exceeds higher level that what the pt can process
ex. hospital patient

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14
Q

what will be found on assessment of a pt that is experiencing sensory overload

A

irritability, anxiety, restlessness, drowsiness

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15
Q

What type of client is at risk for sensory overload

A

disoriented, confused, reduced attention span, anyone who has physical discomfort

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16
Q

What are some interventions for sensory overload

A
  • focus on prevention
  • minimize stimuli
  • teach stress reduction
  • provide rest
17
Q

What is sensory deprivation

A

lack of meaningful stimuli

18
Q

What are causes of sensory deprivation

A
  • isolation
  • neurological injury
  • impaired ability to receive stimuli
19
Q

What are some assessment findings of a patient that is experiencing sensory deprivation

A
  • decreased attention span
  • irritability
  • delusions
  • hallucinations
  • preoccupied with somatic complaints
20
Q

What type of client is at risk for sensory deprivation

A
  • pts in isolation
  • pts who live alone
  • pts that have been put into solitary confinement
21
Q

what are some interventions for pts experiencing sensory deprivation

A
  • focus is prevention
  • support senses
  • orientation
  • provide stimuli
  • facilitate communication
  • promote adequate sleep and rest
22
Q

List the sensory deficits

A
  • impaired vision
  • impaired hearing
  • impaired smell
  • impaired taste
  • impaired tactile perception
  • impaired kinesthetic sense
23
Q

interventions for impaired vision

A
  • glasses
  • provide sufficient light
  • self-care behaviors
  • magnifying lens
  • evaluate
24
Q

interventions for impaired hearing

A
  • hearing aid
  • closed caption television
  • regular inspection of ear canals
  • improve communication
  • promote safety
  • assess for social isolation
  • evaluate
25
Q

list some ways to make communicating with a client who is confused easier

A
  • use frequent face to face contact to communicate the social process
  • speak calmly, simply, and directly to the patient
  • orient and reorient the patient to the environment
  • orient the patient to time, place, and person
  • communicate that the patient is expected to perform self care activities
  • offer explanations for care
  • reinforce reality if the patient is delusional
26
Q

interventions for impaired hearing

A
  • hearing aids
  • closed-caption television
  • regular inspection of canals
  • improve communication
  • promote safety
  • assess for social isolation
  • evaluate

Marie- NUR 120 (4 decks)

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