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Marie- NUR 120 > Comfort and Pain Management Part 1 > Flashcards

Comfort and Pain Management Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pain?

A

an unpleasant sensory and experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

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2
Q

What is important to remember about the concept of pain?

A

pain is whatever the person experiencing states it is
- PAIN IS SUBJECTIVE

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3
Q

bradykinin

A

a powerful vasodilator that increases capillary permeability and constricts smooth muscle

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4
Q

prostaglandins

A

important hormone like substances that send additional pain stimuli to the CNS

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5
Q

substance P

A

sensitizes receptors on nerves to feel pain and also increases the rate of firing of nerves

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6
Q

transduction

A

activation of pain receptors

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7
Q

transmission

A

conduction along pathways

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8
Q

perception of pain

A

awareness of the characteristics
ex. oich, knowing that you have pain

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9
Q

modulation

A

inhibition or modification of pain

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10
Q

pain threshold

A

minimum intensity of a stimulus that is perceived as painful

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11
Q

adaptation

A

the body adapts to painful stimuli when introduced slowly

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12
Q

neuromodulators

A

natural opioid compounds that reduce pain through binding opioid receptors in the CNS

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13
Q

endorphins, dynorphins, enkephalins

A

pain blocking chemicals that relieve pain

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14
Q

acute pain

A
  • rapid onset
  • varies in intensity (mild to severe)
  • warns person of damage
  • usually due to an injury or surgery
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15
Q

chronic pain

A
  • lasts beyond the normal healing period
  • interferes with ADLs
  • typically lasts more than 6 months
  • periods of remission or exacerbation occur
  • pain can be mild or severe
  • can cause depression, frustration, anger
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16
Q

location of pain

A

generalized or localized

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17
Q

cutaneous pain

A
  • superficial
  • localized
    ex. papercut
18
Q

somatic pain

A
  • deep pain that is scattered or diffused
  • generalized
  • ligaments, tendons, nerves
  • longer lasting
    ex. sprain, arthritis, ligament tears
19
Q

visceral pain

A
  • originates in a body organ
  • generalized
    ex. GI infection, labor pain
20
Q

referred pain

A

occurs in an area that is distant from original site

21
Q

nociceptive pain

A
  • most common
  • aching pain
  • receptors respond to mechanical, thermal, or chemical
  • somatic and visceral
22
Q

neuropathic pain

A
  • nerve pain
  • pain that is caused by lesions
  • PNS/CNS injuries
  • burning, numbness
  • typically chronic
    ex. PVD from diabetes with peripheral neuropathy
23
Q

nociplastic pain

A
  • pain that we do not understand, can’t be explained
  • no cause
  • CNS
    ex. fibromyalgia
24
Q

intractable pain

A
  • pain that is chronic and highly resistant to pain relief
  • have to use non pharmacological interventions a lot of the time
25
Q

phantom pain

A
  • without demonstrated physiologic or pathologic substance
    ex. phantom limb pain
26
Q

psychogenic pain

A
  • physical cause for the pain cannot be identified
    ex. pain resulting from a mental event
27
Q

True or false: it is better to control pain without meds

A

false

28
Q

True or false: it is better to deal with pain than side effects of the meds

A

true, depends on side effect

29
Q

true or false: I will become addicted to pain meds

A

false, not always but it can happen depending on the med

30
Q

true or false: wait until the pain is “bad” before asking for pain meds

A

false, you want to get ahead of the pain

31
Q

true or false: it is normal to have severe pain after surgery

A

false

32
Q

assessing pain

A
  • pt’s self report in their own words
  • report of family member or another person close to pt
  • nonverbal behaviors: restlessness, grimacing, crying, clenching fistsm protecting the painful area
  • physiologic measures: increased blood pressure and pulse
33
Q

aggravating factors of pain

A
  • what triggers pain
  • what makes pain worse
34
Q

alleviating factors of pain

A

what makes pain better

35
Q

What factors of pain have an effect on activities and lifestyle?

A
  • physical
  • social
  • mental
  • overall quality of life
36
Q

Behavioral responses to pain

A
  • posture, gross motor
  • facial features
  • verbal expressions
37
Q

physiologic responses to pain

A
  • vital signs
  • skin color
  • perspiration
  • pupil size
  • nausea
  • muscle tension
  • anxiety
38
Q

What is the most common pain scale that is used?

A

numeric: 0-10

39
Q

Children in pain

A
  • irritability and restlessness
  • crying, screaming, or other verbal expression of pain
  • grimacing, grinding of teeth, clenching fists
  • touching or grabbing painful body part
  • kicking, thrashing, attempting to move away from painful stimulus
40
Q

Nursing interventions for pain

A
  • establishing trusting nurse-patient relationship
  • manipulating factors affecting pain experience
  • initiating nonpharmacologic pain relief measures
  • managing pharmacologic interactions
  • complementary and alternative relief measures
  • considering ethical and legal responsibility to relieve pain
  • teaching patient about pain

Marie- NUR 120 (4 decks)

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