Sensory Organs Flashcards
Essential for hearing and maintaining balance (vestibular function).
Ears
It allows us to experience the pleasures of eating and
drinking, and it helps identify potentially harmful substances.
Tongue
Bony Labyrinth: Filled with ________
It is a watery fluid that surrounds the membranous labyrinth, providing physical support and protection to the delicate structures within the inner ear.
Perilymph
These receptors are responsible for detecting changes in temperature.
Thermoreceptors
These receptors are found in tendons, muscles, and joint capsules. This location in the body allows these special cells to detect changes in muscle length and
muscle tension.
Proprioceptors
Structures included in the cochlear system
Cochlea
Organ of Corti
Cochlear Duct
Cochlear Nerve
The outer covering of the eyeball consists of a relatively tough, white layer
Sclera (white of the eye)
The _____—the circular, colored area of the eye that surrounds the pupil—controls the amount of light that enters the eye.
iris
This is much thicker than the dermis and richly
supplied with lymphatic and blood vessels and nerve
Hypodermis
These receptors exhibit sensitivity towards mechanical stimuli, including pressure, vibration, and stretch.
Mechanoreceptors
Membranous Labyrinth: Filled with _______
This fluid has a high concentration of potassium ions and plays a vital role in transmitting electrical signals in the inner ear
Endolymph
The size of the pupil is controlled by the action of the _________ muscle and ______ muscle.
pupillary sphincter
dilator
Involved in the sense of taste and the detection of different flavors
Tongue
These three fluid-filled tubes detect rotational movement of the head.
Semicircular canals
The ________ in the retina convert the image into electrical signals, which are carried to the brain by the optic nerve.
photoreceptors
The ______ contains the cells that sense light (photoreceptors) and the blood vessels that nourish them.
retina
They allow us to see and process images, providing information about our surroundings.
Eyes
[OUTER EAR]
It is important for sound gathering and localization
of sound
Pinna
_____ are more numerous than ______and much more sensitive to light
Rods, cones
After passing through the cornea, light travels through the ______ (the black dot in the middle of the eye)
pupil
Responsible for vision and the perception of light and color.
Eyes
It protects us from physical harm and plays a vital role in our ability to feel and interact with the world.
Skin
It enables us to detect and interpret sound waves, facilitating communication and situational awareness.
Ears
A thin, transparent membrane near the front of the eye, in the area protected by the eyelids that covers the sclera, covering the moist back surface of the eyelids and eyeballs
Conjunctiva
Structures included in the vestibular system
Semicircular Ducts and canals
Utricle and Saccule
Vestibule
Vestibular nerve
The body’s largest sensory organ, responsible for touch, temperature, and pressure sensations.
Skin
The bony cavity that contains the eyeball, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels, as well as the structures that produce and drain tears. Each of this is a pear-shaped structure that is formed by several bones.
Eye socket (orbit)
Sealed by the secondary tympanic membrane (round window membrane), which vibrates with opposite phase to vibrations entering the inner ear through the oval window
Round Window
What are the three ossicle bones?
malleus, incus, stapes
_____ are responsible for sharp, detailed central vision and color vision and are clustered mainly in the macula.
Cones
These receptors detect potentially harmful stimuli that can cause damage to the skin and tissues, such
as extreme heat or cold, excessive pressure, and chemicals.
Nociceptor
Protection, amplification, and sound localization are the main functions of the _______ ear
outer
The OUTER ear consists of (3 structures)
pinna
ear canal
eardrum
These structures detect linear movements and head position relative to gravity.
Utricle and Saccule
Outermost layer of the skin consisting of stratified
squamous epithelium
Epidermis
Normally, the __________ is produced in the posterior chamber, flows slowly through the pupil into the anterior chamber, and then drains out of the eyeball through outflow channels located where the iris meets the cornea.
aqueous humor
[OUTER EAR]
It vibrates in response to sound/pressure change
Eardrum/tympanic membrane
Three layers of the skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Two major muscles in the MIDDLE EAR
stapedial muscle, tensor tympani
Two types of photoreceptors
Cone and rods
Three major divisions of the ear
outer
middle
inner
Major divisions of the INNER ear based on FUNCTION
Vestibular System
Cochlear System
Two major divisions of the inner ear based on
location
Bony Labyrinth
Membranous Labyrinth
Behind the iris sits the ______. By changing its shape, the lens focuses light onto the retina.
lens
The greater part of the skin “true skin”
Dermis
These are grouped mainly in the peripheral areas of the retina, which are responsible for night and peripheral (side) vision.
Rods
An opening with a membrane covering that resides in the middle ear and helps transmit vibrations into traveling waves.
Oval Window
This spiral-shaped structure is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain.
Cochlea
It is composed of sensory hair cells that bend in response to vibration. Bending action converts mechanical energy to electrical signals.
Organ of Corti
It is a muscular organ situated in the floor of the mouth used for taste, speech, mastication and deglutition
Tongue
The central part of the bony labyrinth, it is involved in sensing balance
Vestibule
[OUTER EAR]
It is important for sound selection
Ear canal/auditory meatus
The back section (posterior segment) extends from _________. It contains a jellylike fluid called the vitreous humor
the back surface of the lens to the retina
It allows more light into the eye (enlarging or dilating the pupil) when the environment is dark and allows less light into the eye (shrinking or constricting the pupil) when the environment is bright.
Iris
Located within the semicircular canals, these ducts detect rotational movement
Semicircular Ducts
_______ organs are crucial for perceiving and interpreting the external world.
Sensory
This structure, located within the cochlea, houses the organ of Corti (the sensory organ for hearing).
Cochlear Duct
Structures in the INNER ear
Bony labyrinth
Membranous Labyrinth
Vestibular System
Cochlear System
It is filled with a fluid called the aqueous humor, which nourishes the internal structures. The anterior segment is divided into two chambers
Eyeball
The most sensitive part of the retina is a small area called the ________, which has millions of tightly packed photoreceptors (the type called cones).
macula
It lies beneath the dermis which is composed of loose,
fibrous, areolar and adipose tissue.
Hypodermis
Through the action of small muscles (called the ciliary muscles), the lens becomes ______ to focus on
nearby objects and _____ to focus on distant objects.
thicker; thinner
The ______ serves as a protective covering for the front of the eye and also helps focus light on the
retina at the back of the eye.
cornea
The MIDDLE ear consists of (3 main structures in this part)
*three ossicle bones; (malleus, incus, stapes)
*two major muscles (stapedial muscle, tensor tympani)
*Eustachian tube
Each photoreceptor is linked to a nerve fiber. The nerve fibers from the photoreceptors are bundled together to form the_____ nerve
optic
The front (anterior) chamber of the eyeball extends from the__________. The back ((posterior) chamber extends from the ______.
cornea to the iris
iris to the lens
Light enters the eye through the _________ , the clear, curved layer in front of the iris and pupil.
cornea
