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General Physiology (Midterm) > Sensory Organs > Flashcards

Sensory Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Essential for hearing and maintaining balance (vestibular function).

A

Ears

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2
Q

It allows us to experience the pleasures of eating and
drinking, and it helps identify potentially harmful substances.

A

Tongue

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3
Q

Bony Labyrinth: Filled with ________

It is a watery fluid that surrounds the membranous labyrinth, providing physical support and protection to the delicate structures within the inner ear.

A

Perilymph

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4
Q

These receptors are responsible for detecting changes in temperature.

A

Thermoreceptors

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5
Q

These receptors are found in tendons, muscles, and joint capsules. This location in the body allows these special cells to detect changes in muscle length and
muscle tension.

A

Proprioceptors

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6
Q

Structures included in the cochlear system

A

Cochlea
Organ of Corti
Cochlear Duct
Cochlear Nerve

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7
Q

The outer covering of the eyeball consists of a relatively tough, white layer

A

Sclera (white of the eye)

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8
Q

The _____—the circular, colored area of the eye that surrounds the pupil—controls the amount of light that enters the eye.

A

iris

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9
Q

This is much thicker than the dermis and richly
supplied with lymphatic and blood vessels and nerve

A

Hypodermis

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10
Q

These receptors exhibit sensitivity towards mechanical stimuli, including pressure, vibration, and stretch.

A

Mechanoreceptors

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11
Q

Membranous Labyrinth: Filled with _______

This fluid has a high concentration of potassium ions and plays a vital role in transmitting electrical signals in the inner ear

A

Endolymph

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12
Q

The size of the pupil is controlled by the action of the _________ muscle and ______ muscle.

A

pupillary sphincter
dilator

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13
Q

Involved in the sense of taste and the detection of different flavors

A

Tongue

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14
Q

These three fluid-filled tubes detect rotational movement of the head.

A

Semicircular canals

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15
Q

The ________ in the retina convert the image into electrical signals, which are carried to the brain by the optic nerve.

A

photoreceptors

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16
Q

The ______ contains the cells that sense light (photoreceptors) and the blood vessels that nourish them.

A

retina

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17
Q

They allow us to see and process images, providing information about our surroundings.

A

Eyes

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18
Q

[OUTER EAR]

It is important for sound gathering and localization
of sound

A

Pinna

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19
Q

_____ are more numerous than ______and much more sensitive to light

A

Rods, cones

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20
Q

After passing through the cornea, light travels through the ______ (the black dot in the middle of the eye)

A

pupil

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21
Q

Responsible for vision and the perception of light and color.

A

Eyes

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22
Q

It protects us from physical harm and plays a vital role in our ability to feel and interact with the world.

A

Skin

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23
Q

It enables us to detect and interpret sound waves, facilitating communication and situational awareness.

A

Ears

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24
Q

A thin, transparent membrane near the front of the eye, in the area protected by the eyelids that covers the sclera, covering the moist back surface of the eyelids and eyeballs

A

Conjunctiva

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25
Q

Structures included in the vestibular system

A

Semicircular Ducts and canals
Utricle and Saccule
Vestibule
Vestibular nerve

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26
Q

The body’s largest sensory organ, responsible for touch, temperature, and pressure sensations.

A

Skin

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27
Q

The bony cavity that contains the eyeball, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels, as well as the structures that produce and drain tears. Each of this is a pear-shaped structure that is formed by several bones.

A

Eye socket (orbit)

28
Q

Sealed by the secondary tympanic membrane (round window membrane), which vibrates with opposite phase to vibrations entering the inner ear through the oval window

A

Round Window

29
Q

What are the three ossicle bones?

A

malleus, incus, stapes

30
Q

_____ are responsible for sharp, detailed central vision and color vision and are clustered mainly in the macula.

A

Cones

31
Q

These receptors detect potentially harmful stimuli that can cause damage to the skin and tissues, such
as extreme heat or cold, excessive pressure, and chemicals.

A

Nociceptor

32
Q

Protection, amplification, and sound localization are the main functions of the _______ ear

A

outer

33
Q

The OUTER ear consists of (3 structures)

A

pinna
ear canal
eardrum

34
Q

These structures detect linear movements and head position relative to gravity.

A

Utricle and Saccule

35
Q

Outermost layer of the skin consisting of stratified
squamous epithelium

A

Epidermis

36
Q

Normally, the __________ is produced in the posterior chamber, flows slowly through the pupil into the anterior chamber, and then drains out of the eyeball through outflow channels located where the iris meets the cornea.

A

aqueous humor

37
Q

[OUTER EAR]

It vibrates in response to sound/pressure change

A

Eardrum/tympanic membrane

38
Q

Three layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

39
Q

Two major muscles in the MIDDLE EAR

A

stapedial muscle, tensor tympani

40
Q

Two types of photoreceptors

A

Cone and rods

41
Q

Three major divisions of the ear

A

outer
middle
inner

42
Q

Major divisions of the INNER ear based on FUNCTION

A

Vestibular System
Cochlear System

43
Q

Two major divisions of the inner ear based on
location

A

Bony Labyrinth
Membranous Labyrinth

44
Q

Behind the iris sits the ______. By changing its shape, the lens focuses light onto the retina.

A

lens

45
Q

The greater part of the skin “true skin”

A

Dermis

46
Q

These are grouped mainly in the peripheral areas of the retina, which are responsible for night and peripheral (side) vision.

A

Rods

47
Q

An opening with a membrane covering that resides in the middle ear and helps transmit vibrations into traveling waves.

A

Oval Window

48
Q

This spiral-shaped structure is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain.

A

Cochlea

49
Q

It is composed of sensory hair cells that bend in response to vibration. Bending action converts mechanical energy to electrical signals.

A

Organ of Corti

50
Q

It is a muscular organ situated in the floor of the mouth used for taste, speech, mastication and deglutition

A

Tongue

51
Q

The central part of the bony labyrinth, it is involved in sensing balance

A

Vestibule

52
Q

[OUTER EAR]

It is important for sound selection

A

Ear canal/auditory meatus

53
Q

The back section (posterior segment) extends from _________. It contains a jellylike fluid called the vitreous humor

A

the back surface of the lens to the retina

54
Q

It allows more light into the eye (enlarging or dilating the pupil) when the environment is dark and allows less light into the eye (shrinking or constricting the pupil) when the environment is bright.

A

Iris

55
Q

Located within the semicircular canals, these ducts detect rotational movement

A

Semicircular Ducts

56
Q

_______ organs are crucial for perceiving and interpreting the external world.

A

Sensory

57
Q

This structure, located within the cochlea, houses the organ of Corti (the sensory organ for hearing).

A

Cochlear Duct

58
Q

Structures in the INNER ear

A

Bony labyrinth
Membranous Labyrinth
Vestibular System
Cochlear System

59
Q

It is filled with a fluid called the aqueous humor, which nourishes the internal structures. The anterior segment is divided into two chambers

A

Eyeball

60
Q

The most sensitive part of the retina is a small area called the ________, which has millions of tightly packed photoreceptors (the type called cones).

A

macula

61
Q

It lies beneath the dermis which is composed of loose,
fibrous, areolar and adipose tissue.

A

Hypodermis

62
Q

Through the action of small muscles (called the ciliary muscles), the lens becomes ______ to focus on
nearby objects and _____ to focus on distant objects.

A

thicker; thinner

63
Q

The ______ serves as a protective covering for the front of the eye and also helps focus light on the
retina at the back of the eye.

A

cornea

64
Q

The MIDDLE ear consists of (3 main structures in this part)

A

*three ossicle bones; (malleus, incus, stapes)
*two major muscles (stapedial muscle, tensor tympani)
*Eustachian tube

65
Q

Each photoreceptor is linked to a nerve fiber. The nerve fibers from the photoreceptors are bundled together to form the_____ nerve

A

optic

66
Q

The front (anterior) chamber of the eyeball extends from the__________. The back ((posterior) chamber extends from the ______.

A

cornea to the iris
iris to the lens

67
Q

Light enters the eye through the _________ , the clear, curved layer in front of the iris and pupil.

A

cornea

General Physiology (Midterm) (6 decks)

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