Sensory, nervous, and endocrine disorders- chapter 17 Flashcards
sclera
outside, protective shell
cornea
protect layer over lens
uvea
choroid (surround entire eye)
ciliary body (secrete liquid, aqueous filter
iris (dilate/ constrict to how much light enters eye)
retina- picks up on photons- nervous signal
myopia
nearsighted, cant see far, can see up close
hyperopia
farsighted, see far, cant see up close
presbyopia
focusing difficulty
astigmatism
unequal cornea lens curvature
Cataract
clouding of the lens
Cataract predisposing factors
result of aging over 70
injury to lens
genetic defect
bacterial/ viral infections
cataract symptoms
blurring and loss of vision
halos around light
cataract prevention
prepuberfal vaccination for rubella
eye safety
cataract treatment
surgery
glaucoma
damage to optic nerve due to increase pressure in eye
starts in ciliary body, pushed on aqueous humor
heart health, diabetes
too much fluid accumulation with in the eye
glaucoma predisposing
inherited
result of other eye disease
glaucoma symtoms
asymptomatic initially
mild aching
halos around lights
loss of peripheral lights
glaucoma prevention
regular eye examination
glaucoma treatment
drugs, eye drops
Hearing loss predisposing factors
conductive
conductive- chronic middle ear infection cerumen blocking outer ear canal stapes loss of mobility eardrum damage (air pressure) perforated eardrum
Hearing loss predisposing factors sensorineural
developing fetus damage or birth injury extended exposure to loud noise steptomyocin viral infection tumor degeneration
Hearing loss symptoms
children not turn head to sounds
ringing in ears (tinnitus)
sounds become quieter
certain letters cannot be heard (s, f, z)
Hearing loss prevention
avoid loud noise
wear protective devices
periodic hearing tests
Hearing loss treatments
depends on underlying cause
operation
self healing
hearing aids
Meniere’s Disease predisposing factors
mostly unknown, anatamical abnormality, heredity
immunologic, viral, vascular, metabolic, psychological factors
Meineres disease prevention
Unknown
Reduce water retention and fluid secretion
Meniere’s Disease symptoms
severe tinnitus and dizziness
nausea, vomiting, sweating, ear pressure or pain
Meineres treatment
Atropine- diuretic so water is not retained
Vasodilator
Salt restriction
Antihistamines
Cerebral palsy
Three main types
Spastic
Athetoid
Ataxic
Cerebral palsy predisposing factors
Pregnancy condition resulting in brain damage
Reduced oxygen supply
Infant or childhood head trauma, brain infection or brain tumor
Cerebral palsy symptoms spastic
70 percent Excessive muscle contractions Muscle weakness Undeveloped body parts Walking on toes with scissors like movements
Cerebral palsy symptoms athetoid
20 percent
Constant difficulty controlling arm, leg and Facial muscles
Can be relieved with sleep and learn to control muscle movements
Cerebral palsy symptoms ataxic
Difficulty with balance
Fall frequently
Cerebral palsy symptoms
Mental retardation
Speech difficulty
Seizure disorder
Cerebral palsy primary prevention
Careful monitoring of mother during pregnancy
Proper precautions when using forepts and anesthesia during childbirth
Cerebral palsy secondary prevention
Assessment and observations of infant an
Routine are ending at six months
Cerebral palsy treatment
No cure Anticonvulsants Braces Exercises Speech therapy
