Disease-Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis, Polio)

A

Dr. Jonas Salk- developed first vaccine for polio
Dr. Albert Sabin six years later developed second vaccine which replaced Salk vaccine
North and South America were certified free from illness in 1994
Sabin- oral medication

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2
Q

Polio
Transmission
Symptoms

A

transmitted by poliomyelitis virus
direct contact
respiratory secretions mainly
also by fecal oral route in areas with poor sanitation

Symptoms- asymptomatic 90%
minor illness 5% fever headache, malaise, sore throat, vomit (digestive symptoms)
nonparalytic 1-2% back pain and muscle spasms
paralytic .1-2% experience spinal or cranial paralysis

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3
Q

Polio
Treatment
Prevention/Control

A

analgesics for pain relief, physical therapy for muscle atrophy, no cure

prevention- immunization
treatment for those infected

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4
Q

Hepatitis A

A
infectious hepatitis
A=acute
inflammation of liver
most common
very communicable
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5
Q

Hepatitis A

Transmission

A

shellfish from contaminated water
found in feces of infected persons (poor hygiene food handling)
incubation 28-30 days

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6
Q

Hepatitis A

Symptoms

A

sudden fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal discomfort, digestive problems in general
possible jaundice in adults after initial symptoms
severity increases with age

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7
Q

Hepatitis A
Treatment

Prevention/ Control

A

no treatment

can cure infection with immune system support

prevention- shellfish cooked at high heat
sanitation and personal hygiene

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8
Q

Hepatitis B

A

B=Blood
serum hepatitis
slower/ milder onset
incubation 60-90 days

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9
Q

Hepatitis B

Transmission

A

blood, saliva, semen, vaginal fluids, contaminated needles, syringes, sexual intercourse

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10
Q

Hepatitis B

Symptoms

A

Vague abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting

rash, jaundice, higher mortality than type A

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11
Q

Hepatitis B

Treatment

A

monitor fluid levels, bed rest

severe cases: Interferon (prtn help rebuild work in blood bloodstream)

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12
Q

Hepatitis B

Prevention/Control

A

vaccines

recommended for all newborns

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13
Q

Hepatitis C

A
not acute after incubation
c= chronic, cirrhosis, cancer
25-30% have symptoms
60% high risk drug use
20% sexual behaviors
5% tats
incubation 5-9 weeks
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14
Q

Hepatitis C

Transmission

A

blood
mother to child at birth or breast feeding
fomites

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15
Q

Hepatitis C

Symptoms

A

often asymptomatic or slow in manifesting

appearance after liver disease has progressed (cirrhosis scaring of liver) or cancer

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16
Q

Hepatitis C

Treatment

A

interferon and ribavirin- antiviral

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17
Q

Hepatitis C

Prevention/control

A

avoid contact with blood and blood contaminated fomites

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18
Q

Rabies (Hydrophobia)

A

disease of animals- bats, skunks, raccoons, dogs, cats, cattle
CNS altered, body rejects water

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19
Q

Rabies

Transmission

A

bite of rabid animal

saliva enters muscle tissue where it incubates, replicates, lyse muscle fiber

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20
Q

Rabies

Symptoms

A

progresses thru stages: pain, burning, sensation of cold, itching at site

  1. fever, headache, malaise, loss of appetite, nausea, sore throat, persistent loose cough
  2. nervousness, anxiety, irritability, hyperesthesia
  3. restlessness, hyperactivity, disorientation
  4. intense thirst but inability to drink water
  5. eye and facial muscles become paralyzed
  6. coma, death from encephalitis
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21
Q

Rabies

Treatment

A

fatal if not treated promptly
immediately clean and flush wound with soap and water
vaccine administered varies

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22
Q

Rabies

Prevention/ Control

A

registration, licensing, vaccination of all cats and dogs
avoid handling sick animals
know local fauna

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23
Q

West Nile Virus

A

first identified in Africa in 1937
first seen in NYC 1999, rest of country 2004
no cure, no vaccine

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24
Q

West Nile Virus

Transmission

A

infected bird to mosquito to human

continued to be explored

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25
Q

West Nile Virus

Symptoms

A

80% have no symptoms
initially resemble other disease flu like illness
can progress to neurological disease (Stiff neck, disorientation, muscle weakness, seizures, meningitis)

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26
Q

West Nile Virus

Treatment

A

no treatment yet, manage symptoms

27
Q

West Nile Virus

Prevention/ Control

A

surveillance, mosquito control, individual protection

28
Q

Encephalitis

A

severe inflammation of brain
incubation 5-15 days
horse poo- bird- eats poo- mosquito

29
Q

Encephalitis

4 main viral agents in U.S.

A

Eastern equine encephalitis
Western equine encephalitis
Lacrosse encephalitis (rare)
St. Louis Encephalitis (West of Mississippi)

30
Q

Encephalitis

Transmission

A

mosquito bite

31
Q

Encephalitis

Symptoms

A

usually no symptoms at first
fever, headache, vomiting
stiff neck and back, drowsiness, convulsions, muscular incoordination, psychoses, paralysis, coma

32
Q

psychoses

A

loss of touch with reality

33
Q

Encephalitis

Treatment

A

no specific treatment- dont know enough about it yet

analgesics and supportive therapy

34
Q

Encephalitis

Prevention/ Control

A

mosquito control
screened living quarters
repellants

35
Q

Herpes Simplex

A

70-90% adults have been exposed to type 1 worldwide
only 10% have visible symptoms
60% disease reactivated later on in life
recurrent and localized

36
Q

Herpes Simplex

Type 1

A

lips, face primarily but can be on genitals

37
Q

Herpes Simplex

Type II

A

genital area also face

38
Q

Herpes Simplex

Transmission

A

saliva, sexual activities, birth through infected vaginal canal during outbreak

39
Q

Herpes Simplex

Symptoms

A

can be asymptomatic
varying degrees
external (lesions with itching/ tingling, fever, swollen glands, painful urination)
herpetic whitlow- infection of fingers type 1 or 2
internal symptoms may go unnoticed

40
Q

Herpes Simplex

Treatment

A
no cure is available, lifetime disease 
Outbreaks- analgesic antipyretic
numbing mouthwash
calamine lotion
acyclovir or other antiviral drugs
41
Q

Herpes Simplex

Prevention/ Control

A

oral herpes is difficult to avoid
genital and anal herpes can be reduced through condom
cesarean section for pregnant women

42
Q

Warts

A
caused by one of the strain of Human Papilloma virus 
associated with cervical cancer
incubation 2-3 months
virus can be present with out warts
over 100 strains
43
Q

Warts

Different Kinds

A

common warts- brown, raised, hands
flat warts- face, not raised, scratch marks
filiform warts- skin tag, eyelid, neck, arm pit
plantar warts- bottom feet
genital warts - 40% population

44
Q

Warts

Transmission

A

direct contact
autoinoculation
walking barefoot contaminated floors
sexual contact

45
Q

Warts

Symptoms

A

firm, defined, round or irregular growths

infected warts can cause pain

46
Q

Warts

Treatment

A

can disappear with enough resistance - support immune system
procedures can remove some warts (return)
do not use OTC remedies on face or genital warts

47
Q

Warts

Prevention/Control

A

avoid direct contact
shower floods, lesions on self or others
using condoms

48
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

A

early 1980s increase two rare diseases in healthy demographic with out explanation

49
Q

pneumocysitis carinii

A

usually found in imunosuppressed individuals fungal infections of lungs

50
Q

kapoi’s sarcoma

A

usually found in elderly men; aging spot

51
Q

AIDS
year
places sent
names

A

virus identified in 1984
sent to CDC (Human t-cell lymphotropic virus,strain III) France (lymphadenopathy associated virus)
renamed human immunodeficiency virus

52
Q

AIDS

epidemiology

A

in less than 10yrs aids became sencond leading cause of death in males 25-44 years old, fifth in women

53
Q

AIDS

incubation

A

1-3 months
1-15 years
varies

54
Q

AIDS

People living with AIDS/HIV

A

33.3 million

55
Q

AIDS

New infections in 2009

A

2.6 million (7600 per day)

56
Q

AIDS

death in 2009

A

1.8 million

57
Q

AIDS

orphans

A

16.6 million

58
Q

AIDS

Americans living with AIDS

A

490,696

59
Q

AIDS

children living with AIDS

A

4,043 usually by sexual molestation

60
Q

AIDS

transmission

A

semen, vaginal, anal secretions, blood

mother to child- fetus

61
Q

AIDS

symptoms

A

asymptomatic for at least 10 years
nonspecific symptoms after infection- fever, headache, sore throat, muscle aches, enlarged lymph nodes, generalized rash
often attributed to flu
diagnosis based on t-cell count and opportunistic infections

62
Q

AIDS

treatment

A

no cure been found
drugs to fight HIV and opportunistic disease
Nucleoside reverse transciptase inhibitors (RT)- azt
protease inhibitors
HAART- highly active antiretroviral therapy

63
Q

AIDS

prevention/control

A
sexual relations with only uninfected persons
sterilized needle use
sterile gloves and equipment
condom usage
education
current work on vaccines