Disease-Chapter 9 Flashcards
Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis, Polio)
Dr. Jonas Salk- developed first vaccine for polio
Dr. Albert Sabin six years later developed second vaccine which replaced Salk vaccine
North and South America were certified free from illness in 1994
Sabin- oral medication
Polio
Transmission
Symptoms
transmitted by poliomyelitis virus
direct contact
respiratory secretions mainly
also by fecal oral route in areas with poor sanitation
Symptoms- asymptomatic 90%
minor illness 5% fever headache, malaise, sore throat, vomit (digestive symptoms)
nonparalytic 1-2% back pain and muscle spasms
paralytic .1-2% experience spinal or cranial paralysis
Polio
Treatment
Prevention/Control
analgesics for pain relief, physical therapy for muscle atrophy, no cure
prevention- immunization
treatment for those infected
Hepatitis A
infectious hepatitis A=acute inflammation of liver most common very communicable
Hepatitis A
Transmission
shellfish from contaminated water
found in feces of infected persons (poor hygiene food handling)
incubation 28-30 days
Hepatitis A
Symptoms
sudden fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal discomfort, digestive problems in general
possible jaundice in adults after initial symptoms
severity increases with age
Hepatitis A
Treatment
Prevention/ Control
no treatment
can cure infection with immune system support
prevention- shellfish cooked at high heat
sanitation and personal hygiene
Hepatitis B
B=Blood
serum hepatitis
slower/ milder onset
incubation 60-90 days
Hepatitis B
Transmission
blood, saliva, semen, vaginal fluids, contaminated needles, syringes, sexual intercourse
Hepatitis B
Symptoms
Vague abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting
rash, jaundice, higher mortality than type A
Hepatitis B
Treatment
monitor fluid levels, bed rest
severe cases: Interferon (prtn help rebuild work in blood bloodstream)
Hepatitis B
Prevention/Control
vaccines
recommended for all newborns
Hepatitis C
not acute after incubation c= chronic, cirrhosis, cancer 25-30% have symptoms 60% high risk drug use 20% sexual behaviors 5% tats incubation 5-9 weeks
Hepatitis C
Transmission
blood
mother to child at birth or breast feeding
fomites
Hepatitis C
Symptoms
often asymptomatic or slow in manifesting
appearance after liver disease has progressed (cirrhosis scaring of liver) or cancer
Hepatitis C
Treatment
interferon and ribavirin- antiviral
Hepatitis C
Prevention/control
avoid contact with blood and blood contaminated fomites
Rabies (Hydrophobia)
disease of animals- bats, skunks, raccoons, dogs, cats, cattle
CNS altered, body rejects water
Rabies
Transmission
bite of rabid animal
saliva enters muscle tissue where it incubates, replicates, lyse muscle fiber
Rabies
Symptoms
progresses thru stages: pain, burning, sensation of cold, itching at site
- fever, headache, malaise, loss of appetite, nausea, sore throat, persistent loose cough
- nervousness, anxiety, irritability, hyperesthesia
- restlessness, hyperactivity, disorientation
- intense thirst but inability to drink water
- eye and facial muscles become paralyzed
- coma, death from encephalitis
Rabies
Treatment
fatal if not treated promptly
immediately clean and flush wound with soap and water
vaccine administered varies
Rabies
Prevention/ Control
registration, licensing, vaccination of all cats and dogs
avoid handling sick animals
know local fauna
West Nile Virus
first identified in Africa in 1937
first seen in NYC 1999, rest of country 2004
no cure, no vaccine
West Nile Virus
Transmission
infected bird to mosquito to human
continued to be explored
West Nile Virus
Symptoms
80% have no symptoms
initially resemble other disease flu like illness
can progress to neurological disease (Stiff neck, disorientation, muscle weakness, seizures, meningitis)