Disease-Chapter 10- Fungi Flashcards
Steps to infection of fungi
entry
rarely cause disease in healthy immunocompotent hosts; disease occurs when fungi accidentally penetrate barriers or when immunologic defects conditions exist that favor fungal entry and growth
steps to infection of fungi
adaptation and propagation
fungi develop both virulence mechanisms( capsule and ability to grow at 37C) and morphologic forms that facilitate multiplication with in the host
Steps to infection of fungi
dissemination
indicates a breach or deficiency of host defenses (immune disorders)
Host factors of fungi
good immune system have high resistance to fungi, based primarily upon cutaneous and mucosal physical barriers
severity of disease depends on inoculum, magnitude of tissue distraction, ability of fungus to multiply in the tissue, immune status of host
Coccidiodomycosis (Valley Fever)
internal disease no human to human transmission
soil- moist to dry
central and south america- us (cali- southern texas)
valleys dry out during dry months- windy breathe in sports
most people aysmptomatic
coccidiodomycosis
primary
immediate
acute respiratory disease
incubation 1-4 weeks
coccidiodomycosis
progressive
chronic sometimes fatal
dark skinned men, prego women, immunocompromised individuals
non communicable
one attack infers life long immunity
coccidiodomycosis
transmission
spore inhalation
dry weather, sparse foilage, high winds
coccidiodomycosis
symptoms- primary
asymptomatic
flulike illness
5% develop tender red nodules on shins adn present with ankle and knee pain
coccidiodomycosis
progressive
fever
abscesses
fatal 60%
coccidiodomycosis
treatment
acute- heal yourself
bed rest and relief of symptoms
antifungal agents (oral)
coccidiodomycosis
prevention and control
dust control, masks
skin testing
wet down dry areas
Histoplasmosis (Spleunker’s Disease)
found in bat crap (guano) histoplasma capsulatum
Histoplasmosis
transmission
bird and bat feces inhalation of spores from soil incubation 5-18 days non communicable reinfection is possible
Histoplasmosis
symptoms
usually asymptomatic
4 presentations- primary acute, acute disseminated, chronic disseminated, chronic pulmonary
Histoplasmosis
primary acute
day/ week
flu like symptoms
scattered nodules in lung, lymph nodes, spleen
Histoplasmosis
acute disseminated
enlarged liver and spleen
swollen lymph nodes, fever, prostration
can be fatal
spreads quickly
prostration
cranial nerve, innovated muscles turned off, lying down, no involuntary muscles
Histoplasmosis
chronic disseminated
variable, depends on where fungus is
fever, anemia, hepatitis, endocarditis, meningitis, ulcers of mouth, larynx, stomach or bowel, infection of adrenal glands
fatal
organs can lose ability to fctn
Histoplasmosis
chronic pulmonary
just lungs
mimics tuberculosis
productive cough, breathing difficulties, weight loss, weakness, cyanosis
cyanosis
bluing fo extremities
Histoplasmosis
treatment
primary acute requires no treatment
acute and chronic disseminated- 10wk antifungal therapy with amphotericin B or ketoconazof
chronic pulmonary- spontaneous remisison 1-3 weeks
Histoplasmosis
prevention and control
protective masks
candidiasis (moniliasis, thrush)
candida albicans- natural inhabitant of human body
occurs in babies, the mouth, vulvovaginal area
candidiasis
transmission
secretions or execretions- birth canal, sexual intercourse
communicable when lesions are present- noncommunicable if lesions are dry/ treated
candidiasis
symptoms
skin
most common in infants
scaly, red, papular rash
diaper rash
candidiasis
symptoms
mouth (thrush)
cream- colored patches on the tongue, mouth, pharynx
burning sensation in adults
swelling in infants
candidiasis
symptoms
vulvovaginal (moniliasis)
vaginitis
cheesy itchy discharge
white patches
candidiasis
symptoms
can also infect kidneys, lungs, brain, endocardium, esophagus, nails, or eyes
systemic infeciton
candidiasis
treatment
OTC antifungal drugs
antifungal mouthwash
antifungal foams
candidiasis
prevention and control
treatment can prevent thrush in a newborn
partner treatment
deratophytoses (tinea)
incubation 10-14 days
communicable if lesion are present
deratophytoses
tinea barbae
men’s beard area
bacterial folliculitis- ingrown hairs
deratophytoses
tinea capitis
school aged children
overcrowding
deratophytoses
transmission
direct or indirect contact
pets, fomites
deratophytoses
symptoms
small papules that speed
brittle hair leading to permanent baldness
mousy odor
deratophytoses
treatment
oral antifungal drugs for at least four weeks
antibiotics for second bacterial infection
deratophytoses
prevention/ control
infected areas should be washed daily and possibly covered
deratophytoses tinea corporis
humans, animal, soil, ring worm
deratophytoses tinea cruris
more common in men, jock itch
incubation 4-10 days, communicable if lessions are present
deratophytoses tinea cruris/ corporis
transmission
indirect or direct contact
floors, shower stalls, benches
deratophytoses tinea cruris/ corporis
symptoms
red scaly patches at first
eventually ringworm
itching
deratophytoses tinea cruris/ corporis
treatment
thorough frequent bathing
fungicidal ointment
oral fungicide
deratophytoses tinea cruris/ corporis
prevention/ control
frequent washing with fungicidal agent
limit infected individuals
dermatophytoses tinea pedis
athlete’s foot
most common fungal skin disease
dermatophytoses tinea pedis
transmission
indirect/ direct contact
dermatophytoses tinea pedis
symptoms
scaling, cracking between toes
watery blisters
itching
dermatophytoses tinea pedis
treatment
fungicide application
dry environment
exposure to air
dermatophytoses tinea pedis
prevention and control
special attention to drying in between toes
facilities disinfected
boil or throw away socks shoes
dematophytoses tinea manuum
infection of hands
itchiness and lessions
athletes hand
dematophytoses tinea ungium
finger nails or toenails
dematophytoses tinea ungium
transmission
direct contract with infected skin or nails
dematophytoses tinea ungium
symptoms
nails thicken and discolor
cheesy looking material under the nail
chalky
dematophytoses tinea ungium
treatment
griseofulvin (oral) until nails grow out
dematophytoses tinea ungium
prevention/ control
same as athletes foot
