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Disease (HTH 330) > Disease-Chapter 10- Fungi > Flashcards

Disease-Chapter 10- Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Steps to infection of fungi

entry

A

rarely cause disease in healthy immunocompotent hosts; disease occurs when fungi accidentally penetrate barriers or when immunologic defects conditions exist that favor fungal entry and growth

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2
Q

steps to infection of fungi

adaptation and propagation

A

fungi develop both virulence mechanisms( capsule and ability to grow at 37C) and morphologic forms that facilitate multiplication with in the host

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3
Q

Steps to infection of fungi

dissemination

A

indicates a breach or deficiency of host defenses (immune disorders)

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4
Q

Host factors of fungi

A

good immune system have high resistance to fungi, based primarily upon cutaneous and mucosal physical barriers
severity of disease depends on inoculum, magnitude of tissue distraction, ability of fungus to multiply in the tissue, immune status of host

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5
Q

Coccidiodomycosis (Valley Fever)

A

internal disease no human to human transmission
soil- moist to dry
central and south america- us (cali- southern texas)
valleys dry out during dry months- windy breathe in sports
most people aysmptomatic

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6
Q

coccidiodomycosis

primary

A

immediate
acute respiratory disease
incubation 1-4 weeks

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7
Q

coccidiodomycosis

progressive

A

chronic sometimes fatal
dark skinned men, prego women, immunocompromised individuals
non communicable
one attack infers life long immunity

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8
Q

coccidiodomycosis

transmission

A

spore inhalation

dry weather, sparse foilage, high winds

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9
Q

coccidiodomycosis

symptoms- primary

A

asymptomatic
flulike illness
5% develop tender red nodules on shins adn present with ankle and knee pain

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10
Q

coccidiodomycosis

progressive

A

fever
abscesses
fatal 60%

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11
Q

coccidiodomycosis

treatment

A

acute- heal yourself
bed rest and relief of symptoms
antifungal agents (oral)

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12
Q

coccidiodomycosis

prevention and control

A

dust control, masks
skin testing
wet down dry areas

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13
Q

Histoplasmosis (Spleunker’s Disease)

A

found in bat crap (guano) histoplasma capsulatum

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14
Q

Histoplasmosis

transmission

A 
bird and bat feces
inhalation of spores from soil
incubation 5-18 days
non communicable
reinfection is possible
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15
Q

Histoplasmosis

symptoms

A

usually asymptomatic

4 presentations- primary acute, acute disseminated, chronic disseminated, chronic pulmonary

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16
Q

Histoplasmosis

primary acute

A

day/ week
flu like symptoms
scattered nodules in lung, lymph nodes, spleen

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17
Q

Histoplasmosis

acute disseminated

A

enlarged liver and spleen
swollen lymph nodes, fever, prostration
can be fatal
spreads quickly

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18
Q

prostration

A

cranial nerve, innovated muscles turned off, lying down, no involuntary muscles

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19
Q

Histoplasmosis

chronic disseminated

A

variable, depends on where fungus is
fever, anemia, hepatitis, endocarditis, meningitis, ulcers of mouth, larynx, stomach or bowel, infection of adrenal glands
fatal
organs can lose ability to fctn

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20
Q

Histoplasmosis

chronic pulmonary

A

just lungs
mimics tuberculosis
productive cough, breathing difficulties, weight loss, weakness, cyanosis

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21
Q

cyanosis

A

bluing fo extremities

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22
Q

Histoplasmosis

treatment

A

primary acute requires no treatment
acute and chronic disseminated- 10wk antifungal therapy with amphotericin B or ketoconazof
chronic pulmonary- spontaneous remisison 1-3 weeks

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23
Q

Histoplasmosis

prevention and control

A

protective masks

24
Q

candidiasis (moniliasis, thrush)

A

candida albicans- natural inhabitant of human body

occurs in babies, the mouth, vulvovaginal area

25
Q

candidiasis

transmission

A

secretions or execretions- birth canal, sexual intercourse

communicable when lesions are present- noncommunicable if lesions are dry/ treated

26
Q

candidiasis
symptoms
skin

A

most common in infants
scaly, red, papular rash
diaper rash

27
Q

candidiasis
symptoms
mouth (thrush)

A

cream- colored patches on the tongue, mouth, pharynx
burning sensation in adults
swelling in infants

28
Q

candidiasis
symptoms
vulvovaginal (moniliasis)

A

vaginitis
cheesy itchy discharge
white patches

29
Q

candidiasis

symptoms

A

can also infect kidneys, lungs, brain, endocardium, esophagus, nails, or eyes
systemic infeciton

30
Q

candidiasis

treatment

A

OTC antifungal drugs
antifungal mouthwash
antifungal foams

31
Q

candidiasis

prevention and control

A

treatment can prevent thrush in a newborn

partner treatment

32
Q

deratophytoses (tinea)

A

incubation 10-14 days

communicable if lesion are present

33
Q

deratophytoses

tinea barbae

A

men’s beard area

bacterial folliculitis- ingrown hairs

34
Q

deratophytoses

tinea capitis

A

school aged children

overcrowding

35
Q

deratophytoses

transmission

A

direct or indirect contact

pets, fomites

36
Q

deratophytoses

symptoms

A

small papules that speed
brittle hair leading to permanent baldness
mousy odor

37
Q

deratophytoses

treatment

A

oral antifungal drugs for at least four weeks

antibiotics for second bacterial infection

38
Q

deratophytoses

prevention/ control

A

infected areas should be washed daily and possibly covered

39
Q

deratophytoses tinea corporis

A

humans, animal, soil, ring worm

40
Q

deratophytoses tinea cruris

A

more common in men, jock itch

incubation 4-10 days, communicable if lessions are present

41
Q

deratophytoses tinea cruris/ corporis

transmission

A

indirect or direct contact

floors, shower stalls, benches

42
Q

deratophytoses tinea cruris/ corporis

symptoms

A

red scaly patches at first
eventually ringworm
itching

43
Q

deratophytoses tinea cruris/ corporis

treatment

A

thorough frequent bathing
fungicidal ointment
oral fungicide

44
Q

deratophytoses tinea cruris/ corporis

prevention/ control

A

frequent washing with fungicidal agent

limit infected individuals

45
Q

dermatophytoses tinea pedis

A

athlete’s foot

most common fungal skin disease

46
Q

dermatophytoses tinea pedis

transmission

A

indirect/ direct contact

47
Q

dermatophytoses tinea pedis

symptoms

A

scaling, cracking between toes
watery blisters
itching

48
Q

dermatophytoses tinea pedis

treatment

A

fungicide application
dry environment
exposure to air

49
Q

dermatophytoses tinea pedis

prevention and control

A

special attention to drying in between toes
facilities disinfected
boil or throw away socks shoes

50
Q

dematophytoses tinea manuum

A

infection of hands
itchiness and lessions
athletes hand

51
Q

dematophytoses tinea ungium

A

finger nails or toenails

52
Q

dematophytoses tinea ungium

transmission

A

direct contract with infected skin or nails

53
Q

dematophytoses tinea ungium

symptoms

A

nails thicken and discolor
cheesy looking material under the nail
chalky

54
Q

dematophytoses tinea ungium

treatment

A

griseofulvin (oral) until nails grow out

55
Q

dematophytoses tinea ungium

prevention/ control

A

same as athletes foot

Disease (HTH 330) (4 decks)

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