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sensory and motor Flashcards

1
Q

The dorsal column-medial leminscus pathway transports:

A

Fine touch, vibration and proprioception

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2
Q

Information from the ……body (…T…) travels in the …fasiculus to the …. nucleus.

A

Upper, above T6, cuneate

or
Lower, below T6, gracile

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3
Q

VPL stands for

A

Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus

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4
Q

Which sensory pathways have 3 order neurones

A

Dorsal column

spinothalamic/ aka anterolateral (close to ventral root)

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5
Q

Pain, temperature and course touch are sensed by which sensory pathway?

A

spinothalamic/ aka anterolateral

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6
Q

Which order neurones synapse at the VPL

A

2 order neurons from Dorsal column

spinothalamic/ aka anterolateral

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7
Q

Define Adaption

A

how neurones react to a maintained stimulus

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8
Q

NociceptorsandThermoreceptors are innervated by….fibres

A 
Type III (Aδ)
Type iv (c fibres)
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9
Q

Type I and II sensory fibers innervate?

A

Proprioceptors

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10
Q

Which sensory organs pick up vibration and pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscle

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11
Q

Meissner’s (or tactile) corpuscles senses

A

Light touch and low frequencey vibration

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12
Q

What is this:
Found in stratum basale of epidermis
Role in light touch, discrimination of shapes and textures.

A

Merkel Cells

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13
Q

The role of gamma motoneurones

A

controlls the sensitivity of muscle spindles

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14
Q

What does the Crossed extensor reflex do:

A

Helps to keep the body balanced/ in equilibrium

for example if someone grabs arm, it will flex- but the other arm will extend to keep balance.

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15
Q

Which reflex controls muscle tension

A

Golgi tendon reflex

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16
Q

Name the 3 different sources that the alpha motor neuron receives input from.

A
  1. Sensory neurones
  2. Interneurones
  3. Upper motor neurones
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17
Q

Conditioning just before eliciting the myotatic reflex causes:

A

A greater/ exaggerated reflex

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18
Q

The… reflex causes…of a part of a body in response to a painful stimuli

A

The FLEXOR/ WITHDRAWAL reflex causes WITHDRAWL of a part of a body in response to a painful stimuli

19
Q

A motor unit is?

A

Alpha motor neuron and muscle fibres it innervates

20
Q

All alpha motor neurons innervating a muscle is:

A

motor neuron pool

21
Q

Proprioception is sensed by which sensory pathway?

information from muscle and joint receptors

A

Spinocerbellar tract- from spinal cord to the cerebellum

22
Q

Name the nuclei that does not receive bilateral innervation from the Corticobulbar fibres

A

Hypoglossal nucleus and motor nuclei controlling facial muscles below the eye.

23
Q

Which tract maintains Head stabilisation and the upright posture?

A

Vestibulospinal tract- Bilateral innervation of muscles

24
Q

Activation of what can increase excitability of motor neurons?

A

Locus Coeruleus- these are noradrenergic neurons project to brain and spinal cord

25
Q

Decorticate posture is due to?
(Arms abducted and flexed; wrists and fingers flexed on the chest; legs stiffly extended and internally rotated; plantar flexion of feet)

A

Upper motor lesion that separates the cerebrum from the upper brainstem

26
Q

What is Spinal prep

A

flaccid paralysis- loss of both voluntary and muscle tone

Due to lower motor neuron lesion between c1 spinal cord and CNS

27
Q

Which disease causes progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

28
Q

Describe what the phenomenon of WINDUP (in pain)

A

This phenomenon is found in the Dorsal horn neurons

Stimulation of C-fibres: each stimulus leads to more evoked APs in WDRecptor neurons

29
Q

Where is the choroid layer found

A

Between the retina and sclera

30
Q

What is the function of the choroid layer

A

Contains melanin which absorbs the excess light..preventing excess reflection

31
Q

In the dorsal column-ML tract 1st order neuron synapses where? Does it decussate before synapsing?

A

It synapses at the Gracile or Cuneate nuclei depending on origin and doesn’t decussate beforehand.

32
Q

Where does the 1st order neuron synapse in the spinocerebellar tract?

A

Clarke’s nucleus at the level of entry

33
Q

Where does the 1st order neuron of the spinothalamic tract synapse

A

It synapses immediately at the dorsal horn

34
Q

Explain the route of the 2nd order spinothalamic neuron

A

It decussates to the contralateral Spinothalamic tract and travels up to the Ventral posterolateral nuclei of the thalamus

35
Q

How does the 3rd order neuron of the Dorsal Column-ML and Spinothalamic tract travel

A

It travels from the VPL through the internal capsule to the Somatosensory cortex

36
Q

How does the Posterior spinocerebellar 2nd order neuron reach the cerebellar cortex?

A

Via the inferior cerebellar peduncle of the pons

37
Q

How does the Anterior spinocerebellar 2nd order neuron reach the cerebellar cortex?

A

Via the SUPERIOR cerebellar peduncle of the pons

38
Q

In which spinocerebellar tract do the 2nd order neurons travel ipsillaterally?

A

POSTERIOR spinocerebellar tract

39
Q

What is the pathway for the corticobulbar tract

A

Motor cortex to cranial nerves nuclei found in the brainstem

40
Q

What is the function of the corticobulbar tract

A

Control movement of face, head and neck

41
Q

The rubrosprinal tract originates from where? and where does it travel

A

Red nucleus of midbrain

Travels in the lateral corticospinal tract

42
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract decussates where?

A

At the medullary cervical junction.

43
Q

What is the function of the corticospinal tract

A

Innervation of the lower motor neurones

44
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia

A

Basal ganglia acts to inhibit the motor functions

Neuro (5 decks)

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