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Neuro > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerves are part of the……nervous system

A

Peripheral

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2
Q

How many spinal nerve pairs are there?

A

31

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3
Q

The Spinal cord is part of the ….. nervous system

A

central

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4
Q

There are…..cranial nerve pairs

A

12

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5
Q

Spinal nerves are part of the ….nervous system

A

Peripheral

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6
Q

Control of skeletal muscles is by

A

Somatomotor neurones

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7
Q

Efferent neurones leave the spinal cord through the

A

Ventral root

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8
Q

Afferent neurones are

A

sensory

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9
Q

Name 2 types of sensory neurone

A

Somatosensory(from the body wall and skin).

viscerosensory (from internal organs)

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10
Q

How many lumbar nerves are there?

A

5

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11
Q

Visceromotor neurones are also known as

A

autonomic nervous system

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12
Q

There are …thoracic nerves

A

12

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13
Q

Early embryology shows 3 structures -Name

A

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

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14
Q

Efferent neurones are

A

Motor

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15
Q

There are 8…Nerves

A

Cervical

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16
Q

The nervous system develops from which embryonic layer

A

Ectoderm

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17
Q

Thalamus and hypothalamus make up the

A

diencephalon

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

There are 5 sacral nerves

A

True

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19
Q

Name the clinical condition that occurs if the anterior neuropore doesn’t close by day 25

A

anencephaly

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20
Q

Name the 3 membranes of the brain (meninges)

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

21
Q

Hydrocephalus can be treated with

A
  • Shunt

- Removal of the obstruction (e.g. tumour)

22
Q

The number of processes (out-growths) coming from the cell body of a neurone is known as

A

Polarity

23
Q

Name the 2 cavities that are formed by the dura projecting into the cranial cavity

A
  1. Falx cerebri

2. tentorium cerebelli

24
Q

The pons and cerebellum make up the….

A

metencephanlon

25
Q

The midbrain comprises of the

A

Tectum (post) and tegmentum (anterior)

26
Q

Name the superficial layer of the Dura Mater

ii. Is it continuous with the dura of the spinal cord

A

Endosteal layer

ii. NO

27
Q

Which ventricles lack the blood brain barrier

A 
around 3rd and 4th
-pineal gland
subfornical gland
posterior pituitary
median eminance
28
Q

Name the glia involved in BBB

A

Astrocyte

29
Q

Schwaan cells mylinate

A

neurones in the PNS

30
Q

Name the deep layer of the Dura Mater

ii. Is it continuous with the dura of the spinal cord

A

Meningeal layer

ii. Yes

31
Q

Brain development begins from

A

Week 3-4

32
Q

What is found in the subarachnoid space

A

blood vessels

Circulating CSF

33
Q

What is the other name for the circle of willis

A

circulus arteriosus

34
Q

Where is the lateral horn found

AND what does it contain

A

In the thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord

2) contains sympathetic preganglionic neurones

35
Q

In an adult, at which position does the spinal cord end

A

Between L1 and L2

36
Q

The brainstem consists of the

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

37
Q

Which structure connects the lateral ventricle with the 3rd venricle

A

interventricular foramen

38
Q

The corpus striatum is made up of

A

Putamen
Caudate nucleus
Globus pallidus

39
Q

What is the function of the tentorial notch

A

Allows the midbrain to pass through-

if space occupying lesions are present, the brain may be pressed against, or herniate through, the tentorial notch.

40
Q

Damage to meningeal arteries or veins causes?

A

extradural haemorrhage

41
Q

Which structure is more medial the

gracile nucleus or the cuneate nucleus

A

gracile nucleus

42
Q

Which equation gives us the resting membrane potential?

A

Goldman Equation- it takes into account these factors
concentration gradient
voltage gradient
membrane permeability

43
Q

Where are Ependymal cells found and what do they do?

A

line the ventricles

specialised ECs secrete CSF from the choroid plexus

44
Q

On a neurone, the na channels responsible for action potentials are found where?

A

Node of Ranvier

45
Q

True or false

Scwann cells mylinate more than one axon.

A

False

Only oligodendrocyte can myelinate more than 1 axons (usually 10 - 15)

46
Q

Charcot-Marie Tooth disease

A

Peripheral neuropathy caused by connexin-32 mutation. Impacts gap junctions between Schwann cells

47
Q

What is average intercranial pressure in adults

A

20 mm Hg

48
Q

What is the equation for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure

A

CPP = mean BP - ICP

Neuro (5 decks)

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