Basics Flashcards
Cranial nerves are part of the……nervous system
Peripheral
How many spinal nerve pairs are there?
31
The Spinal cord is part of the ….. nervous system
central
There are…..cranial nerve pairs
12
Spinal nerves are part of the ….nervous system
Peripheral
Control of skeletal muscles is by
Somatomotor neurones
Efferent neurones leave the spinal cord through the
Ventral root
Afferent neurones are
sensory
Name 2 types of sensory neurone
Somatosensory(from the body wall and skin).
viscerosensory (from internal organs)
How many lumbar nerves are there?
5
Visceromotor neurones are also known as
autonomic nervous system
There are …thoracic nerves
12
Early embryology shows 3 structures -Name
prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon
Efferent neurones are
Motor
There are 8…Nerves
Cervical
The nervous system develops from which embryonic layer
Ectoderm
Thalamus and hypothalamus make up the
diencephalon
TRUE OR FALSE
There are 5 sacral nerves
True
Name the clinical condition that occurs if the anterior neuropore doesn’t close by day 25
anencephaly
Name the 3 membranes of the brain (meninges)
Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater
Hydrocephalus can be treated with
- Shunt
- Removal of the obstruction (e.g. tumour)
The number of processes (out-growths) coming from the cell body of a neurone is known as
Polarity
Name the 2 cavities that are formed by the dura projecting into the cranial cavity
- Falx cerebri
2. tentorium cerebelli
The pons and cerebellum make up the….
metencephanlon
The midbrain comprises of the
Tectum (post) and tegmentum (anterior)
Name the superficial layer of the Dura Mater
ii. Is it continuous with the dura of the spinal cord
Endosteal layer
ii. NO
Which ventricles lack the blood brain barrier
around 3rd and 4th -pineal gland subfornical gland posterior pituitary median eminance
Name the glia involved in BBB
Astrocyte
Schwaan cells mylinate
neurones in the PNS
Name the deep layer of the Dura Mater
ii. Is it continuous with the dura of the spinal cord
Meningeal layer
ii. Yes
Brain development begins from
Week 3-4
What is found in the subarachnoid space
blood vessels
Circulating CSF
What is the other name for the circle of willis
circulus arteriosus
Where is the lateral horn found
AND what does it contain
In the thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord
2) contains sympathetic preganglionic neurones
In an adult, at which position does the spinal cord end
Between L1 and L2
The brainstem consists of the
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Which structure connects the lateral ventricle with the 3rd venricle
interventricular foramen
The corpus striatum is made up of
Putamen
Caudate nucleus
Globus pallidus
What is the function of the tentorial notch
Allows the midbrain to pass through-
if space occupying lesions are present, the brain may be pressed against, or herniate through, the tentorial notch.
Damage to meningeal arteries or veins causes?
extradural haemorrhage
Which structure is more medial the
gracile nucleus or the cuneate nucleus
gracile nucleus
Which equation gives us the resting membrane potential?
Goldman Equation- it takes into account these factors
concentration gradient
voltage gradient
membrane permeability
Where are Ependymal cells found and what do they do?
line the ventricles
specialised ECs secrete CSF from the choroid plexus
On a neurone, the na channels responsible for action potentials are found where?
Node of Ranvier
True or false
Scwann cells mylinate more than one axon.
False
Only oligodendrocyte can myelinate more than 1 axons (usually 10 - 15)
Charcot-Marie Tooth disease
Peripheral neuropathy caused by connexin-32 mutation. Impacts gap junctions between Schwann cells
What is average intercranial pressure in adults
20 mm Hg
What is the equation for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
CPP = mean BP - ICP
