Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Test Banks > Sensory > Flashcards

Sensory Flashcards

1
Q

Before an olfactory receptor can detect an odorant, it has to
A) contact a specialized olfactory cell.
B) bind to receptors in olfactory cilia.
C) gate open ion channels.
D) respond to applied pressure.
E) be transported to the olfactory bulbs.

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following is true of olfactory discrimination?
A) There are 6 primary smells known.
B) The number of olfactory receptors decline as we age.
C) All odorants require the same concentration to activate an olfactory receptor.
D) There are different types of olfactory receptor cells to detect each type of odorant.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

All of the following are true of olfactory pathways, except
A) they project first to the mamillary bodies and then to the thalamus.
B) primary afferents synapse in the olfactory bulb.
C) information flows to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic system.
D) they are the only sensory pathways to reach the forebrain without first synapsing in the thalamus.
E) they exhibit a considerable amount of convergence.

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the
A) medulla oblongata.
B) medial geniculate.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) olfactory bulb.
E) olfactory tract.
A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves
A) IX, X, XI.
B) VII, VIII, IX.
C) VII, IX, X.
D) V, VII, IX.
E) IX, XI, XII.
A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
Stimulation of nociceptive receptors within the trigeminal
might produce a perception of
A) intensely sweet.
B) intensely sour.
C) quite salty.
D) peppery hot.
E) decidedly bitter.
A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Taste buds are monitored by which cranial nerve(s)?
A) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
B) vagus nerve (X)
C) facial nerve (VII)
D) trigeminal nerve (V)
E) facial nerve (VII), vagus nerve (X), and glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

A

E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
A patient who experienced head trauma has lost the ability to taste spicy food. You should expect damage to cranial nerve \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) VII
B) III
C) IX
D) V
E) XII
A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations?
A) sweet
B) peppery
C) sour
D) salty
E) umami
A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
The taste sensation that is triggered by the amino acid glutamate is known as
A) sweet.
B) umami.
C) salty.
D) peppery.
E) sour.
A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

All of the following are true of the lacrimal glands, except that they
A) produce a strongly hypertonic fluid.
B) produce most of the volume of tears.
C) produce lysozyme.
D) produce watery, slightly alkaline secretions.
E) are located in recesses in the frontal bones.

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

All of the following are true of the fibrous tunic of the eye, except that it
A) consists of the sclera, limbus, and cornea.
B) provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye.
C) produces aqueous humor.
D) contributes substantial focusing power.
E) is where extrinsic eye muscles insert.

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision?
A) aqueous humor
B) ciliary body
C) iris
D) extrinsic eye muscles
E) None, because the lens is rigid
A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the following is true of the vascular tunic of the eye?
A) provides a route for blood vessels and lymphatics that supply tissues of the eye
B) regulates the amount of light entering the eye
C) secretes and reabsorbs the aqueous humor
D) controls the shape of the lens
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q 
The space between the iris and ciliary body and the lens is the
A) anterior chamber.
B) posterior chamber.
C) pupil.
D) canal of Schlemm.
E) vitreous body.
A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
The shape of the lens is controlled by the
A) pupillary sphincter muscles.
B) pupillary radial muscles.
C) ciliary muscles.
D) iris.
E) cornea.
A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
The part of the eye that determines eye color is the
A) conjunctiva.
B) cornea.
C) iris.
D) pupil.
E) canal of Schlemm.
A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
The opening in the iris through which light passes is the
A) conjunctiva.
B) cornea.
C) pupil.
D) anterior chamber.
E) posterior chamber.
A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
In the human eye, most refraction occurs when light passes through the
A) iris.
B) cornea.
C) lens.
D) aqueous humor.
E) vitreous humor.
A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The ciliary muscle contracts to
A) control the amount of light reaching the retina.
B) adjust the shape of the lens for vision.
C) adjust the shape of the lens for near vision.
D) control the production of aqueous humor.
E) adjust the shape of the cornea and vitreous

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A ray of light entering the eye will encounter these structures in which order?
A) conjunctiva → cornea → aqueous humor → lens → vitreous body → retina → choroid
B) vitreous body → retina → choroids → aqueous humor → lens → conjunctiva → cornea
C) cornea → aqueous humor → vitreous body → lens → conjunctiva → choroids → retina
D) conjunctiva → cornea → lens → aqueous humor → vitreous body → retina → choroid
E) cornea → aqueous humor → conjunctiva → lens → vitreous body → retina → choroid

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q 
Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and sympathetic activation causes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) dilation; constriction
B) dilation; dilation
C) constriction; dilation
D) constriction; constriction
E) vasoconstriction; vasoconstriction
A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If your vision is 20/15, this means that you can
A) see 20-point type at 15 feet.
B) see objects at 20 feet that individuals with normal eyesight can see at 15 feet.
C) see objects at 15 feet that individuals with eye problems see at 20 feet.
D) see all 15 eye chart letters from 20 feet.
E) see objects that are 20 feet or less away.

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why must accommodation occur to view objects closer than 20 feet from the eye?
A) The light rays are convergent and must be bent more.
B) It moves the retina into position to focus on the close object.
C) The light rays are divergent instead of parallel and require more refraction.
D) The iris is too dilated causing the light rays to be out of focus.
E) None of the answers are correct. are true. Accommodation occurs when looking at distant objects 20 feet or farther from the eye.

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q 
During accommodation, the ciliary muscle \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and the suspensory ligaments become \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which, in turn, cause the lens to become \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) contracts; loose; flat
B) relaxes; loose; flat
C) contracts; tight; round
D) contracts; loose; round
E) relaxes; tight; flat
A

D

26
Q 
What structure regulates the amount of light that passes to the photoreceptors of the eye?
A) vitreous body
B) cornea
C) ciliary muscle
D) iris
E) lens
A

D

27
Q 
During accommodation, the ciliary muscle \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ causing the ciliary body to move \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and apply \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tension on the lens.
A) relaxes; forward; more
B) contracts; forward; less
C) contracts; back; more
D) relaxes; inward; less
E) contracts; back; less
A

B

28
Q

A sudden increase of light into the eye would cause
A) contraction of the sphincter pupillary muscles.
B) contraction of the radial pupillary muscles.
C) conversion of 11-trans to 11-cis retinal.
D) a decrease in the size of the pupil.
E) parasympathetic stimulation to the pupil.

A

A

29
Q

When a rod is stimulated by light,
A) the plasma membrane becomes hyperpolarized.
B) the retinal changes from the 11-cis to the 11-trans form.
C) less neurotransmitter is released.
D) cGMP decreases and sodium channels close.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E

30
Q

In the light-adapted state,
A) photoreceptors are much more sensitive to stimulation.
B) photoreceptors are much less sensitive to stimulation.
C) we can only see color, and not black and white.
D) we would see better in the dark.
E) colors are dull.

A

B

31
Q

Under which condition would the release of neurotransmitter by photoreceptors be greatest?
A) under normal room light
B) in a pitch-black room after 30 minutes
C) immediately after going outside in bright sunlight
D) focusing intently on a close object
E) focusing intently on a distant object

A

B

32
Q

The first step in the process of photoreception is
A) the bleaching of rods.
B) the bleaching of cones.
C) absorption of a photon by a visual pigment.
D) inhibition of the sodium pumps.
E) release of neurotransmitter.

A

C

33
Q

The following steps occur in rods when they are excited by photons of light.

  1. Membrane sodium channels close.
  2. Increased phosphodiesterase breaks down cGMP.
  3. Retinal changes from the 11-cis form to the 11-trans form.
  4. The membrane hyperpolarizes and the rate of neurotransmitter release declines.
  5. Opsin activates transducin.
  6. Opsin activation occurs.
The proper sequence for these steps is
A) 1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 3.
B) 3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4.
C) 6, 3, 5, 2, 1, 4.
D) 3, 6, 5, 1, 2, 4.
E) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2.
A

B

34
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ear collects sounds waves and transmits them to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ear, which contains auditory ossicles
A) inner; middle
B) outer; middle
C) outer; inner
D) middle; inner
E) superficial; deep
A

B

35
Q 
The external acoustic meatus ends at
A) the tympanic membrane.
B) the auditory ossicles.
C) the cochlea.
D) the pinna.
E) the vestibule.
A

A

36
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity.
A) cochlea
B) utricle
C) ampulla
D) saccule
E) utricle and the saccule
A

E

37
Q

A loud noise causes
A) a large movement of the tympanic membrane.
B) an alerting reaction leading to sympathetic activation.
C) reflex contractions of middle ear muscles.
D) a big pressure pulse entering the cochlear duct at that oval window.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E

38
Q 
The auditory ossicles connect the
A) tympanic membrane to the oval window.
B) tympanic membrane to the round window.
C) oval window to the round window.
D) stapedius to the tympanic membrane.
E) otitis to the media.
A

A

39
Q 
The vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the
A) auditory ossicles.
B) cochlea.
C) oval window.
D) tensor tympani.
E) stapedius muscle.
A

A

40
Q 
The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx through the
A) auricle.
B) membranous labyrinth.
C) bony labyrinth.
D) auditory tube.
E) auditory meatus.
A

D

41
Q 
The structure that forms the "roof" of the organ of Corti is the
A) basilar membrane.
B) tectorial membrane.
C) stapedius.
D) perilymph.
E) endolymph.
A

B

42
Q 
The structure that supports the organ of Corti is the
A) tectorial membrane.
B) basilar membrane.
C) membranous labyrinth.
D) vestibular duct.
E) tympanic membrane.
A

B

43
Q 
Gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the
A) semicircular canals.
B) cochlea.
C) statoconia.
D) saccule and utricle.
E) organ of Corti.
A

D

44
Q 
The sensory receptors of the semicircular canals are located in the
A) saccules.
B) ampullae.
C) perilymph.
D) utricles.
E) cupulae.
A

B

45
Q

Movement of the endolymph in the semicircular canals
A) produces a rushing sound.
B) allows us to hear low tones.
C) signals rotational movements.
D) signals body position with respect to gravity.
E) signals linear acceleration.

A

C

46
Q 
The structure attached to the oval window that transmits vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear is the
A) malleus.
B) basilar membrane.
C) incus.
D) stapes.
E) auditory tube.
A

D

47
Q 
Low frequency sounds stimulate hair cells on which part of the basilar membrane?
A) area close to the round window
B) the entire membrane
C) the distal end
D) the middle region
E) area close to the oval window
A

C

48
Q

The function of the auditory tube is to:
A) help maintain equilibrium.
B) amplify sounds.
C) equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.
D) redistribute endolymph after hearing a sound.
E) provide a passageway for sound waves to enter the ear.

A

C

49
Q 
Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers will stimulate receptors in the
A) basilar membrane.
B) spiral organ.
C) semicircular canals.
D) bony labyrinth.
E) utricle and saccule.
A

E

50
Q 
The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in
A) ampullae.
B) cristae.
C) cupulae.
D) maculae.
E) otoconia.
A

D

51
Q

The frequency of a perceived sound depends on
A) the frequency of stereocilia vibration.
B) the number of hair cells that are stimulated.
C) which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.
D) the movement of perilymph in the cochlear duct.
E) the frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane.

A

C

52
Q

The following is a list of the steps that occur in the production of an auditory sensation.

  1. The pressure wave distorts the basilar membrane on its way to the round window.
  2. Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the malleus.
  3. Displacement of the stereocilia stimulates sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve.
  4. Movement of the malleus causes movement of the incus and stapes.
  5. Distortion of the basilar membrane forces the hair cells of the organ of Corti toward or away from the tectorial membrane.
  6. Movement of the oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph of the vestibular duct.
The proper sequence for these steps is
A) 2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 3.
B) 2, 4, 6, 3, 5, 1.
C) 2, 1, 4, 6, 5, 3.
D) 2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3.
E) 2, 5, 4, 6, 1, 3.
A

D

53
Q

Perception of gravity and linear acceleration depends on
A) changes in the pressure exerted by the cupula on hair cells.
B) vibrations of the tectorial membrane striking hair cells.
C) the force exerted by otoliths on hair cells of the maculae.
D) the movement of endolymph within the semicircular canals.
E) the bending of hair cells in the ampullae.

A

C

54
Q

The vestibular nuclei at the boundary of the pons and the medulla function in all of the following, except that they
A) integrate the vestibular information arriving from each side of the head.
B) relay vestibular information to the cerebellum.
C) relay vestibular information to the cerebral cortex.
D) send commands to motor nuclei in the brain stem and spinal cord.
E) send information to the vestibular complex of the inner ear.

A

E

55
Q

The sense of taste is also known as

A

gustation

56
Q

The membrane proteins that respond to chemical stimuli to produce sweet, bitter, and umami sensations are called

A

gustducins

57
Q

Gustatory receptors are clustered in individual

A

taste buds

58
Q

The hair cells of the cochlear duct are located in the organ of

A

Corti

59
Q

When you spin quickly, you may feel dizzy. Which component of the inner ear generates the sensations that can lead to this feeling?

A

semicircular canal

60
Q

The cochlear receptors that provide our sense of hearing are ________ cells.

A

hair

61
Q 
The cell bodies of sensory neurons that innervate the hair cells of the cochlea form the
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ganglion.
A) vestibular
B) spiral
C) cochlear
D) acoustic
E) auditory
A

B

Physiology Test Banks (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions