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Physiology Test Banks > FINAL- Urinary System > Flashcards

FINAL- Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q 
Substances larger than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are normally not allowed to pass through the filtration membrane.  
A) sodium ions  
B) glucose  
C) albumin  
D) amino acids  
E) urea
A

C) albumin

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2
Q

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to
A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.
B) decrease secretion of aldosterone.
C) increase release of angiotensin II by the suprarenal glands.
D) increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule.
E) decrease urinary albumin concentration.

A

A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.

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3
Q 
The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the  
A) renal corpuscle.  
B) filtration membrane.  
C) nephron loop (loop of Henle).  
D) juxtaglomerular complex.  
E) afferent arteriole.
A

D) juxtaglomerular complex.

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4
Q 
In the renal corpuscle, the glomerular epithelium is a layer of specialized cells called: 
A) glomerulocytes 
B) juxtaglomerular cells 
C) tubular cells 
D) macula densa cells 
E) podocytes
A

E) podocytes

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5
Q 
The region known as the macula densa is part of  
A) the proximal convoluted tubule.  
B) the distal convoluted tubule.  
C) the collecting duct.  
D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle).  
E) Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
A

B) the distal convoluted tubule.

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6
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can do all of the following, except
A) produce powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles.
B) increase the glomerular filtration rate.
C) trigger renin release.
D) produce renal ischemia.
E) reduce blood flow to kidneys.

A

B) increase the glomerular filtration rate.

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7
Q

Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. From the list below, what are these three main pressures?

1) blood hydrostatic pressure 
2) capsular hydrostatic pressure 
3) capsular colloid osmotic pressure 
4) blood colloid osmotic pressure 
5) urinary bladder hydrostatic pressure
A) 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
B) 2, 3, and 4 are correct.
C) 3, 4, and 5 are correct.
D) 1, 2, and 4 are correct.
E) 2, 4, and 5 are correct.
A

D) 1, 2, and 4 are correct.

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8
Q

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the ________.

A

GFR or glomerular filtration rate

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9
Q

Changes that occur in the urinary system with aging include all of the following, except
A) a decline in the number of functional nephrons.
B) a reduction in the GFR (glomerular filtration rate).
C) increased sensitivity to ADH.
D) problems with the micturition reflex.
E) loss of sphincter muscle tone.

A

C) increased sensitivity to ADH.

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10
Q

The filtration pressure at the glomerulus is equal to ________.

A

blood hydrostatic pressure – (capsular hydrostatic pressure + blood colloid osmotic pressure)

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11
Q 
The process of filtration is driven by  
A) active transport.  
B) blood osmotic pressure.  
C) blood hydrostatic pressure.  
D) renal pumping.  
E) solvent drag.
A

C) blood hydrostatic pressure.

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12
Q 
Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate correctly the net filtration pressure (FP)? (Hint: CsHP is capsular hydrostatic pressure.)
A) FP = BHP + CsHP - BCOP
B) FP = BHP - (CsHP + BCOP)
C) FP = CsHP + BHP - BCOP
D) FP = BCOP - BHP + CsHP
E) FP = BCOP + (BHP - CsHP)
A

B) FP = BHP - (CsHP + BCOP)

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13
Q 
Calculate filtration pressure (FP) in a nephron with a glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 55 mm Hg, a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg, and a capsular hydrostatic pressure of 15 mm Hg. 
A) FP = 10 mm Hg 
B) FP = 95 mm Hg 
C) FP = 55 mm Hg 
D) FP = 45 mm Hg 
E) FP = 15 mm Hg
A

E) FP = 15 mm Hg

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14
Q

The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is
A) blood colloid osmotic pressure.
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
C) osmotic pressure of the urine.
D) capsular hydrostatic pressure.
E) reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule pulls filtrate from blood.

A

B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

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15
Q

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) in the glomerulus is generated by
A) blood pressure.
B) presence of large, non-diffusible proteins in blood plasma.
C) constriction of the efferent arteriole.
D) protein in the filtrate.
E) filtrate in the capsular space.

A

B) presence of large, non-diffusible proteins in blood plasma.

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16
Q

The urinary system regulates blood volume and pressure by
A) adjusting the volume of water lost in urine.
B) releasing erythropoietin.
C) releasing renin.
D) regulating NaCl levels in the blood.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

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17
Q

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to
A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.
B) decrease secretion of aldosterone.
C) increase release of angiotensin II by the suprarenal glands.
D) increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule.
E) decrease urinary albumin concentration.

A

A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.

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18
Q 
The outermost layer of the kidney is the  
A) renal cortex.  
B) renal medulla.  
C) major calyx.  
D) fibrous capsule.  
E) renal pelvis.
A

D) fibrous capsule.

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19
Q 
Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by  
A) simple diffusion.  
B) facilitated diffusion.  
C) active transport.  
D) cotransport with Na and K ions.  
E) countertransport for bicarbonate ion.
A

D) cotransport with Na and K ions.

20
Q

The thick ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) is almost impermeable to
water, but reabsorbs sodium, potassium, and chloride ions from the filtrate.
A) The first statement is true but the second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false but the second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.
E) Both are true and relate to production of a dilute urine.

A

E) Both are true and relate to production of a dilute urine.

21
Q 
Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following, except  
A) active transport.  
B) facilitated diffusion.  
C) cotransport.  
D) countertransport.  
E) stem cell movements.
A

E) stem cell movements.

22
Q 
Reabsorption of filtered glucose from the lumen in the PCT is largely by means of 
A) diffusion.  
B) facilitated diffusion.  
C) active transport.  
D) cotransport.  
E) countertransport.
A

D) cotransport.

23
Q 
Secretion of hydrogen ion by the PCT is by the process of  
A) diffusion.  
B) facilitated diffusion.  
C) active transport.  
D) cotransport.  
E) countertransport.
A

E) countertransport.

24
Q 
Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include  
A) hydrogen ions.  
B) penicillin.  
C) creatinine.  
D) potassium ions.
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

25
Q 
The region known as the macula densa is part of  
A) the proximal convoluted tubule.  
B) the distal convoluted tubule.  
C) the collecting duct.  
D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle).  
E) Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
A

B) the distal convoluted tubule.

26
Q 
The filtration of plasma takes place in the   
A) nephron loop (loop of Henle).  
B) distal convoluted tubule.  
C) papillary duct.  
D) renal corpuscle.  
E) ureter.
A

D) renal corpuscle.

27
Q 
The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the  
A) nephron loop (loop of Henle).  
B) proximal convoluted tubule.  
C) distal convoluted tubule.  
D) papillary tubule.  
E) calyx.
A

C) distal convoluted tubule.

28
Q 
The process of filtration occurs at the  
A) proximal convoluted tubule.  
B) distal convoluted tubule.  
C) collecting duct.  
D) nephron loop (loop of Henle).  
E) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
A

E) glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule.

29
Q

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce
A) a larger volume of urine.
B) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions.
C) urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions.
D) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.
E) urine with less glucose.

A

D) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.

30
Q

The mechanism for producing a concentrated urine involves
A) the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the neurohypophysis.
B) aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells.
C) a high concentration of NaCl in the interstitial fluid that surrounds the collecting ducts.
D) an increase in facultative water reabsorption.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

31
Q 
A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to
A) excessive ADH secretion.
B) absence of ADH.
C) hematuric oliguria.
D) overproduction of aldosterone.
E) dilation of the afferent arterioles.
A

B) absence of ADH.

32
Q

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,
A) a concentrated urine is produced.
B) less urine is produced.
C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases.
D) permeability to water in the collecting system increases.
E) water reabsorption increases in the loop of Henle.

A

C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

33
Q

Changes that occur in the urinary system with aging include all of the following, except
A) a decline in the number of functional nephrons.
B) a reduction in the GFR (glomerular filtration rate).
C) increased sensitivity to ADH.
D) problems with the micturition reflex.
E) loss of sphincter muscle tone.

A

C) increased sensitivity to ADH.

34
Q

Antidiuretic hormone
A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.
B) is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood.
C) causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine.
D) is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
E) release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid.

A

A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.

35
Q 
Which of these components of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla? 
A) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule  
B) distal convoluted tubule  
C) collecting ducts  
D) proximal convoluted tubule  
E) glomerulus
A

C) collecting ducts

36
Q

The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of three layers
A) filtration slits, foot processes, and slit pores.
B) fenestrations, matrix, and foot processes.
C) endothelium of glomerulus, dense layer of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits.
D) dense layer of glomerulus, foot processes, and fenestrations in the capsule.
E) podocyte filtration slits, matrix cells in the glomerulus, and endothelium of glomerulus.

A

C) endothelium of glomerulus, dense layer of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits.

37
Q

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is
A) filtration.
B) absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.
C) secretion of acids and ammonia.
D) secretion of drugs.
E) adjusting the urine volume.

A

B) absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.

38
Q 
The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ capillaries.
A) peritubular
B) glomerular
C) vasa recta
D) cortical
E) efferent
A

A) peritubular

39
Q 
The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the  
A) nephron loop (loop of Henle).  
B) proximal convoluted tubule.  
C) distal convoluted tubule.  
D) papillary tubule.  
E) calyx.
A

C) distal convoluted tubule.

40
Q

Which of the following is not an important function of the kidney?
A) control of total body water
B) control of the electrolyte composition of the blood
C) excretion of excess albumen
D) control of production of red blood cells by bone marrow
E) regulation of blood pressure

A

C) excretion of excess albumen

41
Q 
Capillaries that surround the proximal convoluted tubules are 
A) proximal capillaries. 
B) corticoradiate capillaries. 
C) vasa recta capillaries. 
D) efferent arterioles. 
E) peritubular capillaries.
A

E) peritubular capillaries.

42
Q 
List in order the structures of the renal corpuscle that a substance must pass through during filtration:
1.	filtration slit (slit pore) 
2.	capsular space
3.	dense layer 
4.	capillary endothelium
A) 4, 3, 2, 1 
B) 4, 1, 2, 3 
C) 4, 3, 1, 2 
D) 3, 1, 4, 2 
E) 2, 4, 3, 1
A

C) 4, 3, 1, 2

43
Q 
Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the
A) afferent arteriole.
B) efferent arteriole.
C) vasa recta.
D) interlobular arteriole.
E) renal vein.
A

B) efferent arteriole.

44
Q

The urinary system regulates blood volume and pressure by
A) adjusting the volume of water lost in urine.
B) releasing erythropoietin.
C) releasing renin.
D) regulating NaCl levels in the blood.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

45
Q

A glomerulus is
A) the expanded end of a nephron.
B) a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.
C) the source of erythropoietin.
D) attached to the collecting duct.
E) the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron.

A

B) a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

Physiology Test Banks (10 decks)

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