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Physiology Test Banks > FINAL- Blood Vessels STARRED ONLY > Flashcards

FINAL- Blood Vessels STARRED ONLY Flashcards

1
Q 
**The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the  
A) tunica intima.  
B) tunica externa.  
C) tunica media.  
D) tunica interna.  
E) tunica adventitia.
A

C) tunica media.

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2
Q 
**Compared to arteries, veins  
A) are more elastic.  
B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media.  
C) have a pleated endothelium.  
D) have thinner walls.  
E) hold their shape better when cut.
A

D) have thinner walls.

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3
Q

**Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit.

  1. venules
  2. arterioles
  3. capillaries
  4. elastic arteries
  5. medium veins
  6. large veins
  7. muscular arteries
A) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
B) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
C) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
D) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6
E) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
A

E) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

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4
Q 
**The smallest arterial branches are called the 
A) precapillary arterioles.  
B) arterioles.  
C) capillaries.  
D) venules.  
E) veins.
A

A) precapillary arterioles.

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5
Q 
**The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the  
A) tunica intima.  
B) external elastic membrane.  
C) tunica media.  
D) internal elastic membrane.  
E) tunica externa.
A

B) external elastic membrane.

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6
Q 
**Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?  
A) tunica intima 
B) external elastic membrane  
C) tunica media  
D) internal elastic membrane  
E) tunica externa
A

E) tunica externa

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7
Q 
**After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the  
A) arteries.  
B) arterioles.  
C) capillaries. 
D) venules.  
E) veins.
A

D) venules.

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8
Q 
**Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?  
A) tunica intima  
B) external elastic membrane  
C) tunica media  
D) internal elastic membrane  
E) tunica externa
A

C) tunica media

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9
Q 
**The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called  
A) arteries.  
B) arterioles.  
C) capillaries.  
D) venules.  
E) veins.
A

E) veins.

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10
Q 
**In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the  
A) tunica intima.  
B) external elastic membrane.  
C) tunica media.  
D) internal elastic membrane.  
E) tunica externa.
A

D) internal elastic membrane.

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11
Q 
**Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?  
A) tunica intima  
B) external elastic membrane  
C) tunica media  
D) internal elastic membrane  
E) tunica externa
A

A) tunica intima

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12
Q 
**Venoconstriction \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the amount of blood within the venous system, which \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.  
A) doubles; decreases  
B) reduces; increases  
C) decreases; doubles  
D) increases; reduces  
E) reduces; reduces
A

B) reduces; increases

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13
Q

**Venous valves are responsible for
A) preventing anterograde flow.
B) channeling blood away from the heart.
C) channeling blood toward the heart.
D) preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle.
E) regulating blood pressure in veins.

A

C) channeling blood toward the heart.

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14
Q 
**The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the  
A) tunica adventitia.  
B) tunica media.  
C) tunica intima.  
D) tunica externa.  
E) tunica mater.
A

B) tunica media.

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15
Q 
**Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is  
A) the subclavian artery.  
B) the external carotid artery.  
C) the brachial artery.  
D) the femoral artery.  
E) the ulnar artery.
A

A) the subclavian artery.

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16
Q 
**Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?
A) high cholesterol
B) lack of exercise
C) smoking
D) obesity
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

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17
Q 
**Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in
A) arteries.  
B) arterioles.  
C) veins.  
D) venules.  
E) capillaries.
A

E) capillaries.

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18
Q 
**Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery?  
A) 0.2 mm  
B) 1.0 cm  
C) 0.4 mm  
D) 0.4 cm  
E) 1.5 cm
A

D) 0.4 cm

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19
Q 
**Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?
A) artery
B) arteriole
C) capillary
D) venule
E) vein
A

E) vein

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20
Q 
**The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?  
A) arteriolar  
B) elastic  
C) connective  
D) muscular  
E) vascular
A

D) muscular

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21
Q 
**What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?
A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) venules
E) veins
A

A) arteries

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22
Q 
**A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered  
A) a large vein.  
B) a venule.  
C) a medium vein.  
D) an arteriovenule.  
E) a venous valve.
A

C) a medium vein.

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23
Q 
**Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?  
A) large veins  
B) venules  
C) medium veins  
D) arteriovenules  
E) venous valves
A

B) venules

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24
Q

**Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except
A) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.
B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
C) the respiratory pump.
D) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood.
E) muscular compression.

A

B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

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25
Q 
**Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood? 
A) pulmonary arteries    
B) capillaries 
C) systemic arterioles 
D) veins 
E) arteries
A

D) veins

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26
Q

**List in correct order the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit starting at the aorta.
1. venules 5. medium veins
2. arterioles 6. large veins
3. capillaries 7. muscular arteries
4. elastic arteries
A) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
B) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
C) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
D) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
E) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6

A

B) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

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27
Q 
**The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called 
A) arterioles. 
B) venules. 
C) arteries. 
D) veins. 
E) capillaries.
A

B) venules.

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28
Q 
**Resistance is a force that   
A) increases blood flow.   
B) decreases blood flow.
C) never changes in a blood vessel.   
D) acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel.   
E) is always higher than blood pressure
A

B) decreases blood flow.

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29
Q

**As blood travels from arteries to veins,
A) pressure builds.
B) pressure drops.
C) flow becomes turbulent.
D) viscosity increases.
E) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.

A

B) pressure drops.

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30
Q

**Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
A) level of oxygen at the tissue increases.
B) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases.
C) veins constrict.
D) arterioles dilate.
E) arterioles constrict.

A

D) arterioles dilate.

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31
Q

**Blood pressure is determined by
A) measuring the size of the pulse.
B) listening carefully to the pulse.
C) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
D) estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel.
E) measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle.

A

C) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.

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32
Q 
**In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?
A) artery
B) arteriole
C) capillary
D) venule
E) vein
A

A) artery

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33
Q 
**Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased  
A) cardiac output.  
B) peripheral resistance.  
C) blood volume.  
D) parasympathetic innervation.  
E) force of cardiac contraction
A

D) parasympathetic innervation.

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34
Q

**Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?
A) decreased plasma albumen
B) increased blood hydrostatic pressure
C) increased tissue hydrostatic pressure
D) both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
E) increased plasma albumen

A

D) both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

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35
Q 
**The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the  
A) venous pressure.  
B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.  
C) diastolic pressure.  
D) peripheral pressure.  
E) pulse pressure.
A

B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.

36
Q 
**Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to
A) arteriovenous pressure.  
B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.  
C) arterial pressure.  
D) peripheral pressure.  
E) pulse pressure.
A

C) arterial pressure.

37
Q 
**Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cardiac output.  
A) much higher than  
B) somewhat higher than  
C) equal to  
D) somewhat lower than  
E) much lower than
A

C) equal to

38
Q 
**Blood pressure is lowest in the
A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) capillaries.
D) venules.
E) veins.
A

E) veins.

39
Q 
**Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?  
A) blood viscosity  
B) vessel diameter  
C) turbulence  
D) vascular resistance  
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

40
Q

**In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?
A) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
B) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long
C) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long
D) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

A

D) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

41
Q

**Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except
A) increased sympathetic stimulation.
B) elevated levels of epinephrine.
C) vasodilation.
D) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques.
E) elevated hematocrit.

A

C) vasodilation.

42
Q

**Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except
A) increased venous return.
B) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
C) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
D) increased blood concentration of glucose.
E) stimulation of the heart by epinephrine.

A

D) increased blood concentration of glucose.

43
Q

**Turbulent blood flow occurs
A) when there are irregularities in the vessel wall.
B) at high flow rates.
C) when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter.
D) when blood pressure is excessively high.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

44
Q 
**If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ mm Hg. 
A) 210  
B) 100  
C) 93  
D) 105  
E) 90
A

B) 100

45
Q

**The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions?
A) accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones
B) assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries
C) helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system
D) flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

46
Q

**Edema may occur when
A) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced.
B) endothelial permeability goes up.
C) capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated.
D) blood pressure is high.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

47
Q 
**Relative to the lumen, which of these vessels has the thickest tunica media?
A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) venules
E) veins
A

B) arterioles

48
Q

**When a person rises quickly from a sitting position,
A) the carotid baroreceptors become less active.
B) venous return is decreased.
C) reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs.
D) heart rate is reflexively elevated.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

49
Q 
**The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure.  
A) critical closing  
B) mean arterial  
C) pulse  
D) blood  
E) circulatory
A

C) pulse

50
Q

**The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the
A) concentration of plasma sodium ions.
B) concentration of plasma glucose.
C) concentration of plasma waste products.
D) concentration of plasma proteins.
E) number of red blood cells.

A

D) concentration of plasma proteins.

51
Q

**Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?
A) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.
B) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary.
C) The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure.
D) The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement.
E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

A

E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

52
Q

**When renin is released from the kidney,
A) angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II.
B) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.
C) angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys.
D) blood pressure goes down.
E) blood flow to the kidneys decreases

A

B) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

53
Q

**Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except
A) release of renin.
B) decrease in blood volume.
C) decreased peripheral resistance.
D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
E) decreased levels of aldosterone.

A

A) release of renin.

54
Q

**Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except
A) increased levels of aldosterone.
B) increased levels of angiotensin II.
C) increased blood volume.
D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
E) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

A

D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

55
Q

**In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has
A) less resistance to blood flow.
B) the same amount of pressure as resistance.
C) a greater resistance to blood flow.
D) a higher blood pressure.
E) a greater blood flow.

A

C) a greater resistance to blood flow.

56
Q

**As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries
A) decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.
B) is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries.
C) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.
D) increases and causes the blood velocity to increase.
E) decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase.

A

C) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

57
Q 
**Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow?
A) vascular resistance
B) venous pressure
C) viscosity of blood
D) vessel length
E) turbulence
A

A) vascular resistance

58
Q 
**The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure. 
A) systolic; diastolic 
B) hydrostatic; osmotic 
C) blood; interstitial 
D) osmotic; hydrostatic 
E) plasma; extracellular
A

B) hydrostatic; osmotic

59
Q 
**Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the: 
A) muscular arteries 
B) liver 
C) hepatic portal vein 
D) venules 
E) lymphatic system
A

E) lymphatic system

60
Q

**Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by:
A) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma
B) a greater salt concentration in blood cells
C) the force of blood pushing against the vessel wall
D) osmosis of water
E) hypertonic solutions separated by a cell membrane

A

A) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma

61
Q

**Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) decreases in starving children because:
A) starvation increases blood pressure which, in turn, decreases BCOP
B) starvation increases the permeability of capillaries causing a decrease in BCOP
C) starvation in children results in a protein deficiency and the liver cannot produce enough protein to maintain BCOP
D) malnourished children do not exercise, which results in a decrease in BCOP
E) the question statement is false, BCOP actually increases in starving children

A

C) starvation in children results in a protein deficiency and the liver cannot produce enough protein to maintain BCOP

62
Q

**Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 40 mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg. Then determine if the blood gains or loses fluid.

NFP = ________ and results in a fluid ________ .

A) 15 mm Hg;  loss 
B) 65 mm Hg;  gain 
C) 65 mm Hg;  loss 
D) 15 mm Hg;  gain 
E) -15 mm Hg;  loss
A

A) 15 mm Hg; loss

63
Q

**Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart?
A) vascular resistance
B) peripheral veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood
C) muscular pumps squeeze veins and move blood toward the heart
D) blood pressure
E) blood pressure gradient from arteries to veins

A

A) vascular resistance

64
Q 
**The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure.   
A) blood   
B) circulatory   
C) mean arterial   
D) critical closing   
E) pulse
A

E) pulse

65
Q 
**Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?   
A) blood viscosity   
B) turbulence   
C) vascular resistance   
D) vessel diameter   
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

66
Q

**Edema may occur (only) when
A) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced.
B) capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated.
C) capillary endothelium permeability goes up.
D) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced and capillary endothelium permeability goes up.
E) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up.

A

E) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up.

67
Q

**Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits
A) decreased blood volume.
B) increased blood pressure.
C) increased body stores of sodium ion.
D) polycythemia.
E) both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

A

E) both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

68
Q 
**Which of the following changes doesn't occur during exercise compared to rest?
A) cardiac output is higher  
B) heart blood flow is higher  
C) skin blood flow is lower
D) abdominal viscera blood flow is lower
E) kidney blood flow is lower
A

C) skin blood flow is lower

69
Q

**To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body
A) accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys.
B) experiences a recall of interstitial fluids.
C) experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure.
D) increases water intake.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

70
Q 
**ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for  
A) a heart attack.  
B) hypertension.  
C) a serious hemorrhage.  
D) prolonged exercise.  
E) a heavy meal.
A

C) a serious hemorrhage.

71
Q

**During exercise
A) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles.
B) venous return increases.
C) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase.
D) tissue perfusion to the digestive system decreases.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

72
Q

**In response to hemorrhage, there is
A) peripheral vasodilation.
B) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
C) mobilization of the venous reserve.
D) constriction of elastic arteries to maintain blood pressure.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

C) mobilization of the venous reserve.

73
Q

**During exercise
A) venous return increases.
B) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase.
C) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles.
D) venous return increases and vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

74
Q

**Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except
A) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure.
B) inhibition of EPO secretion.
C) activation of ADH secretion.
D) activation of aldosterone secretion.
E) increased thirst and water intake.

A

B) inhibition of EPO secretion.

75
Q 
**Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) right atrium.  
B) left atrium.  
C) lungs.  
D) aorta.  
E) systemic circuit.
A

C) lungs.

76
Q 
**The right pulmonary veins carry \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ blood to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . 
A) deoxygenated; left atrium 
B) oxygenated; right lung 
C) deoxygenated; superior vena cava 
D) deoxygenated; right atrium 
E) oxygenated; left atrium
A

E) oxygenated; left atrium

77
Q 
**Pulmonary veins carry blood to the  
A) right atrium.  
B) left atrium.  
C) lungs.  
D) aorta.  
E) pulmonary circuit.
A

B) left atrium.

78
Q 
**The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver. 
A) hepatic artery 
B) gastric vein 
C) myenteric capillaries 
D) hepatic portal vein 
E) superior mesenteric vein
A

D) hepatic portal vein

79
Q

**The ________ are small blood vessels that nourish tissue components in the wall of large arteries and veins.

A

vasa vasorum

80
Q

**The increase in effective blood volume that results from venoconstriction is the ________.

A

venous reserve

81
Q

**The condition known as ________ is characterized by the formation of fatty plaques within the wall of arteries

A

atherosclerosis

82
Q

**Arterioles feed blood into ________.

A

capillaries

83
Q

**The ________ are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange.

A

capillaries

84
Q

**Venules feed blood into ________.

A

veins

85
Q

**The process of decrease in vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called ________.

A

vasoconstriction

86
Q

**The term ________ refers to the pressure in the arterial side of the circulatory system.

A

blood pressure

Physiology Test Banks (10 decks)

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