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Patho- > Sensory > Flashcards

Sensory Flashcards

1
Q

What happen to olfaction as you age?

A

declilnes

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2
Q

Why does olfaction decline as you age?

A

Loss of olfactory sensory neurons neurons and cells in the olfactory bulbs

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3
Q

What are the effect of a decrease in olfaction?

A

Causes diminished appetite, food selection, possible malnutrition, and safety issues

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4
Q

What happens to taste as you age

A
  • Declines in the number of fungiform papilla -Higher concentration of flavors required
  • Changes in taste receptor function
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5
Q

What are the 5 Gustatory stimulants?

A
  • Sour
  • Sweet
  • Salty
  • Bitter
  • Savoriness
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6
Q

Hypogeusia

A

Decrease in taste sensation

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7
Q

Ageusia

A

Absence of taste

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8
Q

Parageusia

A

Perversion of taste in which substances possess an unpleasant flavor

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9
Q

Where are the nerves for taste located?

A
  • tongue, soft palate, uvula, pharynx, and upper esophagus

- GI tract and airway smooth muscle (but the main function is not for taste)

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10
Q

What are the olfactory stimulants

A

Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Peppermint, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid

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11
Q

Hyposmia

A

Impaired sense of smell

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12
Q

Anosmia

A

Complete loss of smell

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13
Q

Olfactory hallucinations

A

Arise from hyperactivity in cortical neurons and involve smelling odors that are not really present

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14
Q

Parosmia

A

Abnormal or perverted sense of smell

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15
Q

What can alter sense of smell?

A

upper respiratory tract infections, frontal head injuries, smoking, medications, aging

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16
Q

T or F: taste and smell have a strong relationship

A

T, together they create flavor

17
Q

Where are sense cells located?

A

olfactory epithelium

18
Q

Where does trauma occur when loss of smell is associated?

Who is this common with?

A
  • frontal lobe

- Common in football players (also diminishes sense of taste)

19
Q

What nerves help innervate the sense of smell?

A

Cranial nerve I and part of V

20
Q

What happens with conductive hearing loss?

A

Sound cannot be conducted through the middle ear

21
Q

Is conductive hearing loss temporary or permanent?

A

Can be both

22
Q

What is Sensorineural hearing loss related to?

A

Age

23
Q

What happens with conductive hearing loss?

A
  • Damage to inner ear or auditory nerve
  • often permanent
  • Impaired organ of Corti or its central connections
24
Q

Presbycusis

A

age related hearing loss

25
Q

What is mixed hearing loss?

A

mix of conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss

26
Q

What is the cause of functional hearing loss

A

no organic cause

27
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

Is infection of the outer ear or canal

28
Q

What is the common cause of otitis externa?

A

Is commonly caused by prolonged moisture exposure (swimmer’s ear)
-can also happen in the shower

29
Q

T or F: Antibiotics are uses to treat otitis externa

A

F (but true for acute infections)

30
Q

What is otitis media?

A

infection in the middle ear

31
Q

What are the two types of otitis media?

A
  • Acute otitis media

- Chronic otitis media

32
Q

What is acute otitis media?

A
  • Commonly diagnosed in children

- Middle ear effusion creates an optimal environment for pathogen growth

33
Q

What is acute otitis media associated with?

A

upper respiratory infections

34
Q

Presbycusis

A

Loss of hearing for sounds in the high-frequency range

35
Q

What happen with Cochlear hair cell degeneration

A

they help with equilibrium,so less balance

36
Q

What happens with hearing and aging?

A
  • Presbycusis
  • Cochlear hair cell degeneration
  • Loss of auditory neurons in spiral ganglia of organ of Corti
  • Degeneration of basilar conductive membrane of the cochlea
  • Decreased vascularity of cochlea
  • Loss of cortical auditory neurons

Patho- (5 decks)

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