Sensory Flashcards
How to administer eye drops
insert drops into the inner canthus and apply pressure for 15 seconds
Why do you need to apply pressure for 15 seconds?
to slow absorption into the nasolacrimal duct
Why is it important to slow absorption with a beta blocker drop?
The blood pressure and heart rate will drop
How long should you wait to put contacts in after drops, and why?
wait at least 15 minutes because they can absorb whatever medication was in the drop
Leading causes of blindness
Cataracts
Diabetic retinopathy
Glaucoma
Age related macular degeneration
What cranial nerves affect the eye?
II optic
III Oculomotor
IV Trochlear
VI Abducens
VII Facial
Cataract causes
Age
Trauma
Smoking
Alcohol
Radiation
UV light
Certain drugs (steroids)
Diabetes
Cataract manifestations
Lens will be cloudy and opaque
Decrease in vision gradually
Abnormal color perception
Glare
Decreased ability to see at night or in the dark
Cataract preoperative treatment
Mydriatic, cycloplegic agent
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
Topical antibiotics
Antianxiety meds
What is the only cure for cataracts?
Surgery
Lens removal (Phacoemulsification)
Intraocular lens implantation
Cataracts postoperative treatment
Topical antibiotic/corticosteroid/anti-inflammatory agent
Eyepatch or shield
Mild analgesia
Hand hygiene
Nonsurgical cataract treatment
Changes in glasses prescription
Strong reading glasses
Increased lighting
Lifestyle changes
Cataract teachings
Notify HCP if pain is intense (may be hemorrhage or infection)
Remind pt to not rub or scratch
Remove area rugs/obstacles
Prepare meals for post op
audio books
Angle closure glaucoma =
Medical emergency
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)
Most common
Gradual onset
Asymptomatic
Gradual visual field loss until peripheral vision has been severely compromised
What can happen if primary open angle glaucoma is left untreated?
tunneled vision with only small center visual field present. all peripheral vision will be absent
Primary open angle glaucoma
Drug therapy
Controls but does not cure, lifetime treatment!
-Alpha adrenergic agonist
-Beta adrenergic blockers
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
-Miotics
-Prostaglandin agonist
Primary open angle glaucoma
Surgical therapy
Argon laser trabeculoplasty
Trabeculectomy with or without filtering implant
Must give eye drops within
30 minutes
Prostaglandin analogs
Preferred choice for initial treatment
Prostaglandin analog side effects
increased brown iris pigmentation
stinging
redness
dryness
itching
foreign body sensation
Beta-adrenergic blocking agent
TIMOLOL
contraindications
history of:
-asthma
-copd
-sinus bradycardia
-heart failure
-2nd/3rd degree heart block
Timolol adverse reactions
bronchospasms
dyspnea
bradycardia
dizziness
heart block
Timolol may potentiate
hypoglycemia &/or mask signs and symptoms
Hold timolol for
15 seconds
