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IM4 > Musculoskeletal Pharm > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Raloxifene (Evista)

A
  • Structurally similar to estrogen and binds to estrogen receptors
  • Reduces bone resorption
  • In pts with osteoporosis and breast cancer, it may decrease risk of CV event
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2
Q

Raloxifene (Evista) Adverse Effects

A

DVT (venous thromboembolism)
Fetal harm
Hot flashes

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3
Q

Calcitonin

A
  • Inhibits bone resorption
  • Give IM at night to minimize side effects
  • Alternate nostrils when using nasal form
  • Must use calcium supplements
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4
Q

Teriparatide (Forteo)

A
  • Form of PTH
  • Produced by recombinant DNA
  • Only drug that increases bone formation
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5
Q

Teriparatide (Forteo)
Side Effects

A
  • generally well tolerated
  • nausea
  • headache
  • back pain
  • leg cramps
  • black box warning! Increased risk of osteosarcoma
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6
Q

Cephalosporins

A
  • Most widely used antibiotics
  • Beta-lactam antibiotics
  • Similar to penicillin structure
  • Usually given IM or IV
  • Toxicity is low
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7
Q

Cephalosporins
Mode of Action

A
  • Bind to penicillin binding proteins, disrupt cell wall synthesis, and cause cell lysis
  • Most effective against cells undergoing active growth and division
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8
Q

Cephalosporins
Resistance

A
  • Beta lactamases
  • Fourth generation agents more resistant than first generation agents
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9
Q

First Generation Cephalosporins

A
  • Cefazolin (Ancef)
  • Used profalactate before surgery
  • Rarely used for active infection
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10
Q

Fourth Generation Cephalosporins

A
  • Cefepime (Maxipime)
  • Broad spectrum
  • Able to penetrate to CSF
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11
Q

Cephalosporins
Drug Interactions

A
  • Probenecid
  • Alcohol
  • Drugs that promote bleeding (use w caution)
  • Calcium
  • Ceftriaxone
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12
Q

Cephalosporins
Adverse Effects

A
  • Allergic reaction
  • Bleeding
  • Thrombophlebitis
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13
Q

Vancomycin

A
  • Most widely used
  • Inhibits cell wall synthesis
  • Severe infections only (staph)
  • Oral dose used for C diff
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14
Q

Vancomycin
Adverse effects

A
  • Ototoxicity
  • Red Man Syndrome
  • Thrombophlebitis (common)
  • Thrombocytopenia (rare)
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15
Q

Aminoglycosides

A
  • Gentamicin, Tobramycin
  • Narrow spectrum antibiotics/Bacteriacidal
  • Use: aerobic gram negative bacilli
  • Can cause serious injury to inner ear & kidney
  • Not absorbed in GI tract
  • Microbial resistance
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16
Q

Aminoglycosides
Adverse Effects

A
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Ototoxicity
  • Hypersensitivity reactions
  • Neuromuscular blockade
  • Blood dyscrasias
    Drug Interactions: Penicillin
17
Q

Aminoglycosides
Dosing

A
  • Single large dose each day or 2-3 smaller doses
  • Monitoring of serum levels common
  • Peak levels must be high enough to kill bacteria; trough levels must be low enough to minimize toxicity

IM4 (11 decks)

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