Sensing Electrically Flashcards
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What is electric charge?
A property of certain particles that determines its electromagnetic interactions.
What are the two types of electric charge?
- Positive
- Negative
How is electric charge measured?
In coulombs.
What does the conservation of charge state?
Electric charge can’t be destroyed nor created, it can only be transferred from one object/form to another.
What is an electric dipole?
Consists of two equal but opposite charges separated by a distance.
Give examples of electric dipoles.
- HCl
- H₂O
- CH₃COOH
What are the imaginary lines of force for positive and negative charges?
Positive charge has lines facing outward and negative charge faces inward.
True or False: The lines of force never intersect.
True.
What happens to like and unlike charges?
- Like charges repel
- Unlike charges attract
What is conduction?
The process where heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a material without the movement of the material.
What are conductors?
Materials that allow electric current (e.g., copper, aluminum).
What is insulation?
The process of preventing electricity from traveling through a material.
What are insulators?
Materials that resist electric current (e.g., rubber, glass).
Fill in the blank: Static electricity transfers charges through _______ and induction.
conduction
What is electric current?
The flow of electric charges (electrons) through a conductor.
What is the unit for measuring electric current?
Amperes (A).
What is electromotive force?
The force that acts on the electrons to make them move in a certain direction.
What is the relationship between electromotive force and voltage?
Electromotive force is known as voltage and is measured in volts.
What does Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction state?
A change in magnetic field around a conductor induces an electric current in the conductor.
What is the difference between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC)?
- DC flows in one direction
- AC changes direction periodically
What is the purpose of transformers in AC transmission?
To allow AC to be transmitted over long distances with less power loss.
What is potential difference?
The difference in the amount of energy that charge carriers have between two points in a circuit.
What is the formula for potential difference?
V = I x R
What is electrolysis?
The flow of electrical current in a conducting solution or a molten liquid that causes chemical changes.
What is an electrolyte?
A substance that has a natural positive or negative electric charge when dissolved in water.
What happens at the anodes and cathodes during electrolysis?
- Anions attach to anodes
- Cations attach to cathodes
What does the acronym OIL RIG stand for?
Oxidation is Loss and Reduction is Gain.
What is the reactivity series?
The arrangement of metals in descending order of their reactivities.
What are powerful reducing agents in the reactivity series?
Metals at the top of the reactivity series.
What is electroplating?
A process by which a metal object is coated with a layer of another metal through electrolysis.
What is bioelectrogenesis?
The ability of organisms like bacteria to produce electricity.
What does resistivity quantify?
How strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current.
What is Ohm’s Law?
The strength of direct current is directly proportional to the potential difference and inversely proportional to the strength of the current.
What does Kirchoff’s law of voltage state?
The sum of all the voltages around the closed loop adds up to 0.
What is a reflex arc?
A neural pathway that controls a simple stimulus response.
What is the resting potential of a neuron?
Around -70 mV.
What happens during depolarization?
The potential difference changes to around +40 mV.
What is hyperpolarization?
When the inside of the neuron becomes more negative than it should be.
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
To insulate the axon and speed up the electrical impulse.
What are neurotransmitters?
Chemical messages secreted into the synaptic cleft to transmit impulses between neurons.
