Scale It Up Flashcards
Scale it up
What is resolution in microscopy?
The ability of a microscope to distinguish details of a specimen or larger objects.
What does scale refer to in a biological context?
The size, ratio or proportion of an object compared to another object.
Define magnification.
Enlarging an object or its image to make it appear larger.
What does SEM stand for?
Scanning Electron Microscope.
What is the purpose of a scanning electron microscope (SEM)?
Designed for studying and viewing the surface of solid objects.
What is the function of a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?
Uses a beam of electrons to illuminate the sample for a highly detailed image at high magnification.
What does scaling up mean in biological applications?
Increase production of valuable products at a larger scale.
What does scaling down refer to?
Minimizing the amount of substances needed to conduct tests.
What role do bioreactors play in scaling?
Used to make small scale tests into large scale production.
What are the main organs of a plant?
- Roots
- Stems
- Leaves
What is the function of vascular xylem?
Transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.
What does vascular phloem do?
Distributes sugars and other organic compounds produced during photosynthesis throughout the plant.
What is the role of epidermal tissue in plants?
Forms the outer protective layer of the plant, regulating gas exchange and water loss.
What do parenchymal tissues perform?
Various functions including photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.
What is the significance of meristem in plants?
Contains actively dividing cells responsible for plant growth and development.
What is the function of guard cells?
Control the opening and closing of stomata, regulating gas exchange and water loss in plants.
What are the specialized functions of red blood cells?
Carry oxygen using hemoglobin; they have a biconcave shape to increase surface area.
What is the primary function of nerve cells (neurons)?
Transmit electrical impulses.
What distinguishes muscle cells?
Contain large amounts of mitochondria to produce energy for movement.
What are macrophages?
Present in the immune system that move around the body, eating up and breaking down harmful things.
What is the primary role of the cardiovascular system?
Pumps and circulates blood.
What organs are included in the digestive system?
- Stomach
- Intestines
- Pancreas
- Liver
- Gallbladder
What are the three common components of cells?
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- DNA
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Control center of the cell containing DNA.
What is the role of mitochondria?
Makes ATP molecules during cell respiration, providing energy.
What is the unified atomic mass unit (u)?
Average mass of nucleons, approximately 1.7 x 10^-27 kg.
What does Avogadro’s constant represent?
The number of particles in a mole, which is 6.023 × 10²³.
What is the mass number of an atom?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
True or False: Protons and electrons carry the same quantity of electric charge.
True
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells have a _______.
nucleus
Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells are _______ organisms.
unicellular
What is the function of lysosomes?
Garbage collectors that collect cell debris of damaged or worn out cells.
What does the cytoskeleton do?
Maintains the shape of a cell.
What is XRD crystallography used for?
To determine the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline solid.
What is electronic configuration expressed by?
2n²
