senses Flashcards
Sensory Receptors
Modified ends of sensory neurons
* Convert different stimuli
to electrical energy
(action potential)
* Grouped within special
sensory organs
Sensation
occurs when the neural impulses
arrive at the cerebral cortex
Perception
your interpretation of the
sensory information by the cerebral cortex
Sensory Adaptation
Ability of the brain to filter out redundant,
insignificant information
* E.g. putting on clothes, ticking of a clock
Taste
Tongue contains
chemoreceptors
* Saliva dissolves some of
our food. This allows
sensory receptors in taste
buds to detect taste
* Impulses from taste buds
travel to thalamus and
parietal lobe in brain
sclera
White
* Protective layer
maintaining the eye’s
shape
Front of sclera called
the cornea
* Bends light rays into
the eye
Behind cornea sits the
aqueous humor
* Aqueous humor is a
liquid
* Aqueous humor also
bends light
Vitreous Humor
Large chamber
behind lens
* Cloudy, jelly-like
substance
* Maintains the
shape of the
eyeball and
permits light
transmission
rods
-Extremely sensitive to
light
* Distinguish degrees of
black and white
* Detect motion
* Responsible for peripheral
vision
* Concentrated on outside
edges of retina
Astigmatism
Irregular shape
of the cornea or
lens
* Vision blurred
* Corrected by
surgery or
eyeglasses
Myopia
Nearsightedness
* Images near are in focus, but far images
cannot be focused. Eyeball too long
Glaucoma
Increased build up of aqueous humor due to
increased production or decreased drainage,
which damages optic nerve
The ear is divided into 3 major
regions
Outer Ear
*Middle Ear
*Inner Ear
Tympanic Membrane/
Tympanum
Divides the outer and middle
ear
* Elastic structure
* Vibrates due to sound waves
Middle Ear
Begins at the tympanic membrane and
continues to the oval window
* An air filled chamber
Sound travels malleus
incus stapes
* Aka hammer
Ossicles
- 3 small bones of the middle
ear
* Sound travels malleus
incus stapes
* Aka hammer anvil
stirrup
* Sound amplified as moves
from one to another
* The stapes strikes the oval
window
Semicircular Canals
3 canals arranged at
different angles
* The movement of the
fluid in the canals
helps you identify
body movement
front of sclera
cornea, bends light ray into eye
aqueous humour
Behind cornea sits the
aqueous humor
* Aqueous humor is a
liquid
* Aqueous humor also
bends light
Cornea
Aqueous
Humor
Intermediate Layer
Called the choroid
* Contains blood vessels
and this choroid layer there
is the iris and pupil
* Iris is the coloured part of
the eye
* Iris regulates amount of
light entering pupil by
changing its shape
* Pupil is an opening for
light to enter inner eye
retina
contains photoreceptors
ok i dont care you can do it too
Photoreceptors
* Divided into rods and cones
rods
Extremely sensitive to
light
* Distinguish degrees of
black and white
* Detect motion
* Responsible for peripheral
vision
* Concentrated on outside
edges of retina
cones
Cones
* Colour-detecting
* Need intense light to work
* Located in the fovea
centralis
* Three types: detect red, blue
and green wavelengths of
light
color ocuess
Occurs when one or
more types of cones are
defective
* Most common type is
red-green colour
blindness when red
sensitive cones are
defective (genetic)
* Most common in males
