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bio 30 > brain + PNS > Flashcards

brain + PNS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Nerves that carry
sensory info to CNS and
send info from CNS to
muscles and glands

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2
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Largely under
voluntary/conscious control.
* Examples: Your decision
to
 Read
 Walk
 Eat

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3
Q

Autonomic Nervous
System

A

Under automatic or
involuntary control
 Made up of motor nerves
 These nerves either stimulate
or inhibit glands or cardiac or smooth muscle

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4
Q

what system Maintains
homeostasis of the
internal body
environment by
adapting to
changes and
situations
externally

A

the autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

what is the the autonomic nervous system controlled by

A

-hypothalamus and medulla oblongata

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6
Q

Autonomic Nervous
System divided into what two divisons

A

-Sympathetic- prepare
body for stress
2.Parasympathetic-
restores normal

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7
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System
On Switch

A

Typically activated in
stressful situations
 Referred to as the
fight-or-flight
response
-body experience increased heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure
So body can get more more oxygen and glucose to muscles

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8
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System
Off Switch

A

Activated when body is calm and at rest, Acts to restore and conserve energy,
rest and digest
* decreasing heart rate
* decrease blood pressure
* decrease breathing rate
* Uses acetylcholine to control organ responses

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9
Q

what is a major parasympathetic nerve

A

Major parasympathetic nerve is the VAGUS nerve

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10
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic response heart

A

-s: heart rate uo
-p:heart rate down

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11
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic response digestive

A

-s: peristalsis down
-p:peristalisis up

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12
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic response liver

A

-s:release of glucose up
-p:release of glucose down

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13
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic response eye

A

-s:dilates pupil
-p:constricts pupil

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14
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic response bum

A

-s: relaxes sphincter
-p:contracts sphincter

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15
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic response skin

A

-s:low blood flow
-p:high blood flow

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16
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic response adrenal gland

A

-s: causes release of epinephrine
-p: no effect

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17
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic response urination

A

-s: inhibits
-p: stimulates

18
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic response AKA

A

s: fight or flight
p: rest and digest

19
Q

The Spinal Cord

A

Primary reflex
center
 Surrounded by
the vertebrae
and
cerebrospinal
fluid for
protection
 Damage can
result in paralysis

20
Q

Protection Of Brain

A

Skull- bony armour around brain
Meninges- three layers of tough,
elastic tissue within the skull and
spinal column that directly
enclose the brain and spinal cord prevent the direct circulation of
blood through cells of brain and spinal cord
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
semi-permeable membrane that
separates the blood from the brain’s
extracellular fluid Large molecules like bacteria cannot pass through the BBB thus protecting
the brain

21
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

Dense, clear liquid
made from blood plasma
 A shock absorber and
cushion to brain
 Found in ventricles of
brain and spinal cord
 Transports hormones,
white blood cells and
nutrients to brain and
spinal cord

22
Q

what three sections can the brain be divided into

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

23
Q

what structures are in the forebrain

A

-Cerebrum
 Thalamus
 Hypothalamus

24
Q

Cerebrum (forebrain)

A
  • largest part of brain, accounts for more that 85% of weight!
    -divided into 2 hemispheres (left and right)
    -interprets and controls response to sensory info
    -contains centers for intellect, memory, consciousness,
    language
25
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

outer covering of cerebrum
made of grey matter
-highly convoluted (folded)
-divided into right and left
hemispheres
-responsible for language,
memory, personality,
vision, conscious thought,
other activities associated with
thinking and feeling

26
Q

Corpus callosum

A

allows communication
between two hemispheres

27
Q

left brain vs right brain

A

-left brain is usability and analytic
-right brain is design and creativity

28
Q

Cerebral Cortex is divided into what

A

-4 lobes
-frontal, paritel, occipitcal, tempural

29
Q

frontal lobe

A

found at the front of cereburm
Control reasoning, critical thinking, memory, and
personality
* Role in language use
* Contain motor areas that control precise, voluntary
movement (like piano playing)

30
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Found at top of
head like a head
band
 Receive and
process sensory
info from the
skin
 Processes info
about taste as
well

31
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

Associated with:
 Vision
 Hearing
 Linked to understanding speech and
retrieving visual and verbal memories

32
Q

Occipital Lobes

A

Receives and analyzes visual information

33
Q

Thalamus

A

at base of forebrain
-often referred to as the
“great relay station
of the brain”
-consists of neurons that
provide connections
between hindbrain
and forebrain, and
areas of sensory
system (except smell)
and cerebellum
All information from your body’s
senses (except smell) must be
processed through your thalamus
before being sent to your brain’s
cerebral cortex for interpretation

34
Q

Hypothalamus

A

below thalamus
- helps regulate body’s internal
environment as well as
certain aspects of behaviour
- controls blood pressure,
heart rate, body
temperature, emotions
(fear, rage, pleasure),
basic drives (thirst,
hunger)
- major link between nervous
and endocrine system

35
Q

Midbrain

A

Found above the pons in the brainstem
 Relays visual and auditory info
between hindbrain and forebrain
 Plays important role in eye movement
and control of skeletal muscles

36
Q

what does the hindbrain include

A

-Cerebellum
-Medulla oblongata
-Pons

37
Q

Cerebellum

A

-unconscious control of posture, reflexes,
body movements, fine and voluntary
motor skills (like riding a bike or writing).
-receives info from proprioreceptors within
skeletal muscles and joints

38
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

connects brain to
spinal cord
 controls automatic,
involuntary responses
like breathing rate,
heart rate,
constriction or dilation
of blood vessels to
control blood
pressure, swallowing
and coughing

39
Q

Pons

A

relay center between right and left
halves of cerebrum, the cerebellum and the rest of the brain

40
Q
A

bio 30 (5 decks)

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