Senses Flashcards
Eye, Ear, general and special senses
What are the general senses?
-touch
-pain
-pressure
-vibration
-proprioception
What senses does touch fall under?
general senses
What senses does pain fall under?
general senses
What senses does pressure fall under?
general senses
What senses does vibration fall under?
general senses
What senses does proprioception fall under?
general senses
What are the special senses?
-smell
-taste
-hearing
-vision
-equilibrium
What sense does smell fall under?
special senses
What sense does taste fall under?
special senses
What sense does vision fall under?
special senses
What sense does hearing fall under?
special senses
What sense does equilibrium fall under?
special senses
What involves complex and specialized receptors located in the head?
Special senses
What involves simple receptors distributed throughout the body?
General senses
What do sensory receptors do?
Initiate input to the CNS in response to changes (stimuli) in the internal or external environment.
What is transduction?
The conversion of energy of stimulus to nerve impulses.
What do receptors transport signals to the CNS by?
Sensory neurons
What is a receptive field?
The distribution area of the endings of a sensory neuron.
What affects the ability of the CNS to localize a stimulus?
The size of the receptive field.
What is a stimulus that we become consciously aware of?
A sensation.
What is a process where sensory receptors often become less sensitive to a sustained stimulus?
Sensory Adaptation
Receptors that adapt slowly and continue to produce nerve impulses over the duration of stimulation; pain and proprioception?
Tonic receptors
Receptors that adapt rapidly and quickly stop producing nerve impulses in response to sustained stimulation; pressure and temperature?
Phasic receptors
If the general sense is somatic then it is located where and does it detect?
-Located in the skin or mucous membrane
-detects touch,pain,temperature, vibration,pressure,stretch,
proprioception
If the general sense is visceral then it is located where and does it detect?
-Located within viscera( internal organs)
-detects stretch of smooth muscle, chemical changes,temperature, and pain.
What is complicated and specialized and associated with the head?
Special Senses
What cranial nerve # and name is the special sense of smell?
CN I (1) , Olfactory
What cranial nerve # and name is the special sense of taste?
CN IX (9) , Glossopharyngeal
What cranial nerve # and name is the special sense of vision?
CN II (2) , Optic
What cranial nerve # and name is the special sense of hearing?
CN VIII (8) , Vestibulocochlear
What cranial nerve # and name is the special sense of equilibrium?
CN VIII (8) , Vestibulocochlear
What detects stimuli from external sources?
ex. tactile, smell, taste, vision, hearing, equilibrium
Exteroceptors
What detects stimuli from internal sources?
-located in viscera and vessels
Interoceptors
What detects stimuli related to body position?
-muscle spindles and tension organs
Proprioceptors
What sensory receptor detects chemicals dissolved in solution/fluid?
Chemoreceptors
What includes receptors for external environment(smell of food) and internal environment (oxygen levels in blood)?
Chemoreceptors
What sensory receptor detects temperature?
Thermoreceptors
What is located located in skin and hypothalamus and is involved in reflexes that regulate & maintain body temperature?
Thermoreceptors
What sensory receptor detects light intensity,color, and movement?
Photoreceptors
What sensory receptors are in the retina of the eye?
Photoreceptors
What detects distortion of receptor cells plasma membrane?
Mechanoreceptors
What sensory receptor includes baroreceptors, proprioceptors; tactile receptors, pressure receptors; cells in cochlea that detect sound waves?
Mechanoreceptors
What sensory receptor include touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch receptors
Mechanoreceptors
What sensory receptors stimulated by tissue damage (pain); may be somatic or visceral (vague discomfort); painful stimuli?
Nociceptors
What sensory receptor detect chemical, heat or mechanical damage to the body surface or skeletal muscles?
Somatic Nociceptors
What sensory receptor detects internal organ damage?
Visceral Nociceptors
What are the most numerous type of receptor
-Located in skin or mucous membranes
-Exteroceptors and mechanoreceptors
-Stimulated by touch, temperature, vibration, pressure, tissue damage
-Structurally, some encapsulated by CT; others unencapsulated
Tactile Receptors
What kind of Tactile receptor has:
-Tactile discs associated with tactile cells (tonic)
-Free nerve endings can be phasic (temp.) or tonic (pain)
-Nerve endings of root hair plexuses (phasic)
Unencapsulated Tactile Receptors
What kind of Tactile receptor has:
Tactile Corpuscles
-detect light touch and texture
-phasic
End Bulbs
-detect light pressure & low frequency vibrations
-tonic
Bulbous corpuscles
-detect continuous deep pressure and distortion of CT deep to skin
-tonic
Lamellated Corpuscles
-detect continuous deep pressure & high frequency vibrations
-phasic
Encapsulated Tactile receptors: Nerve ending enclosed within a CT capsule
