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BIO-168 Anatomy and physiology > Senses > Flashcards

Senses Flashcards

Eye, Ear, general and special senses

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the general senses?

A

-touch
-pain
-pressure
-vibration
-proprioception

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2
Q

What senses does touch fall under?

A

general senses

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3
Q

What senses does pain fall under?

A

general senses

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4
Q

What senses does pressure fall under?

A

general senses

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5
Q

What senses does vibration fall under?

A

general senses

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6
Q

What senses does proprioception fall under?

A

general senses

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7
Q

What are the special senses?

A

-smell
-taste
-hearing
-vision
-equilibrium

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8
Q

What sense does smell fall under?

A

special senses

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9
Q

What sense does taste fall under?

A

special senses

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10
Q

What sense does vision fall under?

A

special senses

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11
Q

What sense does hearing fall under?

A

special senses

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12
Q

What sense does equilibrium fall under?

A

special senses

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13
Q

What involves complex and specialized receptors located in the head?

A

Special senses

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14
Q

What involves simple receptors distributed throughout the body?

A

General senses

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15
Q

What do sensory receptors do?

A

Initiate input to the CNS in response to changes (stimuli) in the internal or external environment.

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16
Q

What is transduction?

A

The conversion of energy of stimulus to nerve impulses.

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17
Q

What do receptors transport signals to the CNS by?

A

Sensory neurons

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18
Q

What is a receptive field?

A

The distribution area of the endings of a sensory neuron.

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19
Q

What affects the ability of the CNS to localize a stimulus?

A

The size of the receptive field.

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20
Q

What is a stimulus that we become consciously aware of?

A

A sensation.

21
Q

What is a process where sensory receptors often become less sensitive to a sustained stimulus?

A

Sensory Adaptation

22
Q

Receptors that adapt slowly and continue to produce nerve impulses over the duration of stimulation; pain and proprioception?

A

Tonic receptors

23
Q

Receptors that adapt rapidly and quickly stop producing nerve impulses in response to sustained stimulation; pressure and temperature?

A

Phasic receptors

24
Q

If the general sense is somatic then it is located where and does it detect?

A

-Located in the skin or mucous membrane
-detects touch,pain,temperature, vibration,pressure,stretch,
proprioception

25
Q

If the general sense is visceral then it is located where and does it detect?

A

-Located within viscera( internal organs)
-detects stretch of smooth muscle, chemical changes,temperature, and pain.

26
Q

What is complicated and specialized and associated with the head?

A

Special Senses

27
Q

What cranial nerve # and name is the special sense of smell?

A

CN I (1) , Olfactory

28
Q

What cranial nerve # and name is the special sense of taste?

A

CN IX (9) , Glossopharyngeal

29
Q

What cranial nerve # and name is the special sense of vision?

A

CN II (2) , Optic

30
Q

What cranial nerve # and name is the special sense of hearing?

A

CN VIII (8) , Vestibulocochlear

31
Q

What cranial nerve # and name is the special sense of equilibrium?

A

CN VIII (8) , Vestibulocochlear

32
Q

What detects stimuli from external sources?
ex. tactile, smell, taste, vision, hearing, equilibrium

A

Exteroceptors

33
Q

What detects stimuli from internal sources?
-located in viscera and vessels

A

Interoceptors

34
Q

What detects stimuli related to body position?
-muscle spindles and tension organs

A

Proprioceptors

35
Q

What sensory receptor detects chemicals dissolved in solution/fluid?

A

Chemoreceptors

36
Q

What includes receptors for external environment(smell of food) and internal environment (oxygen levels in blood)?

A

Chemoreceptors

37
Q

What sensory receptor detects temperature?

A

Thermoreceptors

38
Q

What is located located in skin and hypothalamus and is involved in reflexes that regulate & maintain body temperature?

A

Thermoreceptors

39
Q

What sensory receptor detects light intensity,color, and movement?

A

Photoreceptors

40
Q

What sensory receptors are in the retina of the eye?

A

Photoreceptors

41
Q

What detects distortion of receptor cells plasma membrane?

A

Mechanoreceptors

42
Q

What sensory receptor includes baroreceptors, proprioceptors; tactile receptors, pressure receptors; cells in cochlea that detect sound waves?

A

Mechanoreceptors

43
Q

What sensory receptor include touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors

44
Q

What sensory receptors stimulated by tissue damage (pain); may be somatic or visceral (vague discomfort); painful stimuli?

A

Nociceptors

45
Q

What sensory receptor detect chemical, heat or mechanical damage to the body surface or skeletal muscles?

A

Somatic Nociceptors

46
Q

What sensory receptor detects internal organ damage?

A

Visceral Nociceptors

47
Q

What are the most numerous type of receptor
-Located in skin or mucous membranes
-Exteroceptors and mechanoreceptors
-Stimulated by touch, temperature, vibration, pressure, tissue damage
-Structurally, some encapsulated by CT; others unencapsulated

A

Tactile Receptors

48
Q

What kind of Tactile receptor has:
-Tactile discs associated with tactile cells (tonic)
-Free nerve endings can be phasic (temp.) or tonic (pain)
-Nerve endings of root hair plexuses (phasic)

A

Unencapsulated Tactile Receptors

49
Q

What kind of Tactile receptor has:
Tactile Corpuscles
-detect light touch and texture
-phasic

End Bulbs
-detect light pressure & low frequency vibrations
-tonic

Bulbous corpuscles
-detect continuous deep pressure and distortion of CT deep to skin
-tonic

Lamellated Corpuscles
-detect continuous deep pressure & high frequency vibrations
-phasic

A

Encapsulated Tactile receptors: Nerve ending enclosed within a CT capsule

BIO-168 Anatomy and physiology (6 decks)

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