Ear

Question 1

What region of the ear ends at tympanic membrane and includes auricle (aka pinna) and auditory canal (aka external acoustic meatus)?

Answer 1

External Ear

Question 2

What region of the ear has an air-filled space that houses the auditory ossicles
Malleus, incus & stapes
-Includes opening to pharyngotympanic tube (or auditory tube; formerly Eustachian tube)
-Equalizes air pressure in middle ear to air pressure in atmosphere

Answer 2

Middle Ear (aka Tympanic Cavity)

Question 3

What region of the ear consists of channels & membranes
-cochlea (hearing)
-semicircular canals & vestibule (equilibrium)?

Answer 3

Inner Ear

Question 4

Receptors for Hearing and Equilibrium are both located within the ear and are what kind of sensor receptor?

Answer 4

mechanoreceptors

Question 5

What are the auditory ossicles ?
Middle Ear

Answer 5

malleus, incus & stapes

Question 6

What amplifies and transmits energy of vibrations striking tympanic membrane to the oval window of the cochlea ?
Middle Ear

Answer 6

auditory ossicles

Question 7

What is it called when muscles that contract reflexively in response to loud sounds to dampen vibrations and minimize damage to structures within cochlea?
Middle Ear

Answer 7

tympanic reflex

Question 8

What connects to pharynx and equalizes air pressure in middle ear to atmospheric pressure?
Middle Ear

Answer 8

Pharyngotympanic Tube

Question 9

What is an air-filled cavity within petrous region
of temporal bone?

Answer 9

Middle Ear

Question 10

What is a flexible membrane that allows fluid within cochlea to vibrate?
Middle ear

Answer 10

Round window

Question 11

What part of the ear contains the cochlea
and semicircular canals & vestibule ?

Answer 11

Inner Ear

Question 12

what contains receptors for hearing?

Answer 12

cochlea

Question 13

What contains receptors for equilibrium?

Answer 13

semicircular canals & vestibule

Question 14

What is snail-shaped chamber within the petrous region of temporal bone?

Answer 14

Cochlea

Question 15

What is the cochlea divided into three fluid-filled chambers (scalae) by what?

Answer 15

vestibular and basilar membranes:

Question 16

What of the three fluid-filled chambers (scalae) receives energy of vibrations via oval window?

Answer 16

Scala vestibuli

Question 17

What is also called the Cochlear Duct?

Answer 17

Scala media

Question 18

What of the three fluid-filled chambers (scalae) terminates at round window?

Answer 18

Scala tympani

Question 19

Contains endolymph fluid
-Contains the mechanoreceptors for hearing within the Spiral Organ
-Features a 3rd membrane: tectorial membrane

Answer 19

Scala media (cochlear duct)

Question 20

What is connected at tip of the spiral of cochlea to form one long chamber
Contain perilymph fluid?

Answer 20

Scala vestibuli & Scala tympani

Question 21

What kind of sensory receptor has ribbon of hair cells on top of the basilar membrane?

Answer 21

mechanoreceptors

Question 22

Vibrations of perilymph within scala vestibuli and scala tympani cause basilar membrane to vibrate so that? and which step is this

Answer 22

stereocilia (on hair cells) bend against tectorial membrane
also step 5

Question 23

Sound waves (energy) in air cause vibrations of tympanic membrane is which step in pathway of hearing?

Answer 23

step 1

Question 24

which step in pathway of hearing is the energy is transferred (and amplified) by the ossicles?

Answer 24

step 2

Question 25

which step in pathway of hearing is energy then passed from stapes through oval window to perilymph within scala vestibuli?

Answer 25

step 3

Question 26

which step in pathway of hearing energy travels in perilymph of scala vestibuli, then returns via perilymph of scala tympani?

Answer 26

step 4

Question 27

Most auditory impulses are transmitted by the cochlear branch of the?

Answer 27

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII), to the medulla oblongata, then to the thalamus

Question 28

What is essentially the awareness of orientation and changes in head position

Answer 28

“Equilibrium” is about detecting changes in motion or position; not simply “keeping your balance”.

Question 29

What detects linear acceleration and static equilibrium/stationary orientation. (Often simplified to static equilibrium)?

Answer 29

Vestibule: Maculae

Question 30

Vestibule subdivided into what two parts?

Answer 30

Saccule: vertical macula Utricle: horizontal macula

Question 31

What also has a patch of epithelium featuring hair cells (mechanoreceptors)?

Answer 31

Macula

Question 32

Information about changes in head position & linear acceleration is encoded in the frequency of impulses emitted by?

Answer 32

maculae

Question 33

Located in slight enlargements and at the bases of the semicircular canals?

Answer 33

Cristae Ampullares

Question 34

Composed of a bundle of hair cells (mechanoreceptors) covered by a gelatinous mass called the ampullary cupula

Answer 34

Crista ampullaris

Question 35

As rotational motion changes, fluid in the semicircular canals pulls on the cupula, which affects the frequency of impulses generated by the hair cells.

Answer 35

Crista ampullaris

Question 36

Information about the pull on the hairs is encoded in the frequency of action potentials sent to the brain on the vestibular branch of CN

Answer 36

Crista ampullaris