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BIO-168 Anatomy and physiology > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What region of the ear ends at tympanic membrane and includes auricle (aka pinna) and auditory canal (aka external acoustic meatus)?

A

External Ear

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2
Q

What region of the ear has an air-filled space that houses the auditory ossicles
Malleus, incus & stapes
-Includes opening to pharyngotympanic tube (or auditory tube; formerly Eustachian tube)
-Equalizes air pressure in middle ear to air pressure in atmosphere

A

Middle Ear (aka Tympanic Cavity)

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3
Q

What region of the ear consists of channels & membranes
-cochlea (hearing)
-semicircular canals & vestibule (equilibrium)?

A

Inner Ear

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4
Q

Receptors for Hearing and Equilibrium are both located within the ear and are what kind of sensor receptor?

A

mechanoreceptors

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5
Q

What are the auditory ossicles ?
Middle Ear

A

malleus, incus & stapes

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6
Q

What amplifies and transmits energy of vibrations striking tympanic membrane to the oval window of the cochlea ?
Middle Ear

A

auditory ossicles

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7
Q

What is it called when muscles that contract reflexively in response to loud sounds to dampen vibrations and minimize damage to structures within cochlea?
Middle Ear

A

tympanic reflex

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8
Q

What connects to pharynx and equalizes air pressure in middle ear to atmospheric pressure?
Middle Ear

A

Pharyngotympanic Tube

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9
Q

What is an air-filled cavity within petrous region
of temporal bone?

A

Middle Ear

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10
Q

What is a flexible membrane that allows fluid within cochlea to vibrate?
Middle ear

A

Round window

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11
Q

What part of the ear contains the cochlea
and semicircular canals & vestibule ?

A

Inner Ear

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12
Q

what contains receptors for hearing?

A

cochlea

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13
Q

What contains receptors for equilibrium?

A

semicircular canals & vestibule

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14
Q

What is snail-shaped chamber within the petrous region of temporal bone?

A

Cochlea

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15
Q

What is the cochlea divided into three fluid-filled chambers (scalae) by what?

A

vestibular and basilar membranes:

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16
Q

What of the three fluid-filled chambers (scalae) receives energy of vibrations via oval window?

A

Scala vestibuli

17
Q

What is also called the Cochlear Duct?

A

Scala media

18
Q

What of the three fluid-filled chambers (scalae) terminates at round window?

A

Scala tympani

19
Q

Contains endolymph fluid
-Contains the mechanoreceptors for hearing within the Spiral Organ
-Features a 3rd membrane: tectorial membrane

A

Scala media (cochlear duct)

20
Q

What is connected at tip of the spiral of cochlea to form one long chamber
Contain perilymph fluid?

A

Scala vestibuli & Scala tympani

21
Q

What kind of sensory receptor has ribbon of hair cells on top of the basilar membrane?

A

mechanoreceptors

22
Q

Vibrations of perilymph within scala vestibuli and scala tympani cause basilar membrane to vibrate so that? and which step is this

A

stereocilia (on hair cells) bend against tectorial membrane
also step 5

23
Q

Sound waves (energy) in air cause vibrations of tympanic membrane is which step in pathway of hearing?

A

step 1

24
Q

which step in pathway of hearing is the energy is transferred (and amplified) by the ossicles?

A

step 2

25
Q

which step in pathway of hearing is energy then passed from stapes through oval window to perilymph within scala vestibuli?

A

step 3

26
Q

which step in pathway of hearing energy travels in perilymph of scala vestibuli, then returns via perilymph of scala tympani?

A

step 4

27
Q

Most auditory impulses are transmitted by the cochlear branch of the?

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII), to the medulla oblongata, then to the thalamus

28
Q

What is essentially the awareness of orientation and changes in head position

A

“Equilibrium” is about detecting changes in motion or position; not simply “keeping your balance”.

29
Q

What detects linear acceleration and static equilibrium/stationary orientation. (Often simplified to static equilibrium)?

A

Vestibule: Maculae

30
Q

Vestibule subdivided into what two parts?

A

Saccule: vertical macula
Utricle: horizontal macula

31
Q

What also has a patch of epithelium featuring hair cells (mechanoreceptors)?

A

Macula

32
Q

Information about changes in head position & linear acceleration is encoded in the frequency of impulses emitted by?

A

maculae

33
Q

Located in slight enlargements and at the bases of the semicircular canals?

A

Cristae Ampullares

34
Q

Composed of a bundle of hair cells (mechanoreceptors) covered by a gelatinous mass called the ampullary cupula

A

Crista ampullaris

35
Q

As rotational motion changes, fluid in the semicircular canals pulls on the cupula, which affects the frequency of impulses generated by the hair cells.

A

Crista ampullaris

36
Q

Information about the pull on the hairs is encoded in the frequency of action potentials sent to the brain on the vestibular branch of CN

A

Crista ampullaris

BIO-168 Anatomy and physiology (6 decks)

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