Sensation, Perception & Motor Development

Question 0

Proprioceptive and kinesthetic senses

Answer 0

Proprioceptive - where body parts are in space

Kinesthetic - sensation of moving through space.

Question 1

Vision when born

Answer 1

Little reason to see in womb, slow vision develop, may be beneficial to baby as to not shock them in reguards to vision stimuli once out of womb.
85% of babies are starting to look into eyes; most studied because this is the least developed sense of sensation @ birth and is a vital sense.

Question 2

Noise pitch

Answer 2

high pitch sounds excite and make babies happy, this is why baby voice is a thing.
Low pitch makes babies sleepy.

Question 3

Heart rate

Answer 3

Low heart rate means that babies are attending to something

Question 4

Why do babies look at faces?

Answer 4

Because it is adaptive for them to learn about emotions, facial expressions and social cues.

Question 5

Mirror neurons

Answer 5

This stops as they gain personal motor control rather than mirroring everything reflexively.

Question 6

Differantivation theory

Answer 6

Items being different, edges, stationary or moving.

Question 7

Depth perception

Answer 7

Isnt there at birth.
around 1 month babies show blink/startle response to looming objects.
6-11 months babies have consistent depth neural perception increase. Probably because babies are starting to be mobile in own right (crawling). Self protection so they know the depth of environment they are exploring.

Question 8

Intermodal Perception

Empiricist vs. Ecological Views

Answer 8

Empiricist view on sensory perception - booming buzzing environment. Takes time to realize this info is linked. (learn over time)
Ecological view on sensory perception - takes time to separate sensory modalities. (takes time to separate all senses) most evidence

Question 9

Inter Sensory Redundancy Hypothesis

Answer 9

Benefits from info through multiple sense at once (learn better with double sense)
captivates more attention (creates more pathway in brain)

Question 10

Why study motor development?

Answer 10

makes new behaviors possible; determines experiences we are able to have; affects our self concept; affects perception and behavior of others. (ex: helps socialize, fully engage in experiences, supports development of autonomy)
Positive feelings for accomplishments.

Question 11

Fakison & Woodward - Perception Action System

Answer 11

drives cognitive development.
(ex: sticky/Velcro mittens; visual cliff {locomotion attached to depth perception and peripheral vision})

Actions have an impact on our thinking - infancy and after. Still dont know enough, but e have hypothesis, still investigating the way, potential explanation is that action focuses our attention and our sense of self may support our ability to support our and others actions) do this same thing on neural level. Perception action - matching systems.

Question 12

Early developmental milestones

Answer 12

follow sequence (head before upper body)
lots of variation in when (big range in month), but they do develop over time. Not instantly able to roll or crawl.

Question 13

Crawling random facts

Answer 13

Now days they are crawling less because they sleep on back. Now we do stuff like tummy time not only to round out their head, but also to excersies crawling muscles of head and beck.
Gross motor is always before fine motor skills.

Question 14

Maturation

Answer 14

Automatic reflexes that drive walking (bio)

Brain development, strength, flexibility.

Question 15

Environment’s impact on motor development

Answer 15

Facilitating maturation
can look at this in different cultures.
Babies in walkers walk later because although they are learning different action pattersn, they arent learning balance or to hold their weight.

Question 16

Dynamic Systems Theory

Answer 16

1- Maturation
2- Affordances in environment
3- Coordination of multiple skills
4- Infant motivation

Question 17

Visual Cliff Adolph Article

Answer 17

Coded for success (getting toy on other side), falling (falling into the gap), avoidance and reaching (trying to get toy).
Results - avoidance goes up steeply in sitting when compared to crawling. When crawling they are less likely to try.
Reaching showed interest, both were interested in getting the toy even if not going to try and cross gap. Sitting, avoided closely to the risk of falling. Crawling, avoidance was lower than (not closely associated) to risk of falling (not as good of a judge of ability to cross).
88% of crawlers who fell in once tried again (not enough exp to figure it out that they couldnt cross the gap).