Sensation, Perception & Motor Development Flashcards
Proprioceptive and kinesthetic senses
Proprioceptive - where body parts are in space
Kinesthetic - sensation of moving through space.
Vision when born
Little reason to see in womb, slow vision develop, may be beneficial to baby as to not shock them in reguards to vision stimuli once out of womb.
85% of babies are starting to look into eyes; most studied because this is the least developed sense of sensation @ birth and is a vital sense.
Noise pitch
high pitch sounds excite and make babies happy, this is why baby voice is a thing.
Low pitch makes babies sleepy.
Heart rate
Low heart rate means that babies are attending to something
Why do babies look at faces?
Because it is adaptive for them to learn about emotions, facial expressions and social cues.
Mirror neurons
This stops as they gain personal motor control rather than mirroring everything reflexively.
Differantivation theory
Items being different, edges, stationary or moving.
Depth perception
Isnt there at birth.
around 1 month babies show blink/startle response to looming objects.
6-11 months babies have consistent depth neural perception increase. Probably because babies are starting to be mobile in own right (crawling). Self protection so they know the depth of environment they are exploring.
Intermodal Perception
Empiricist vs. Ecological Views
Empiricist view on sensory perception - booming buzzing environment. Takes time to realize this info is linked. (learn over time)
Ecological view on sensory perception - takes time to separate sensory modalities. (takes time to separate all senses) most evidence
Inter Sensory Redundancy Hypothesis
Benefits from info through multiple sense at once (learn better with double sense)
captivates more attention (creates more pathway in brain)
Why study motor development?
makes new behaviors possible; determines experiences we are able to have; affects our self concept; affects perception and behavior of others. (ex: helps socialize, fully engage in experiences, supports development of autonomy)
Positive feelings for accomplishments.
Fakison & Woodward - Perception Action System
drives cognitive development.
(ex: sticky/Velcro mittens; visual cliff {locomotion attached to depth perception and peripheral vision})
Actions have an impact on our thinking - infancy and after. Still dont know enough, but e have hypothesis, still investigating the way, potential explanation is that action focuses our attention and our sense of self may support our ability to support our and others actions) do this same thing on neural level. Perception action - matching systems.
Early developmental milestones
follow sequence (head before upper body) lots of variation in when (big range in month), but they do develop over time. Not instantly able to roll or crawl.
Crawling random facts
Now days they are crawling less because they sleep on back. Now we do stuff like tummy time not only to round out their head, but also to excersies crawling muscles of head and beck.
Gross motor is always before fine motor skills.
Maturation
Automatic reflexes that drive walking (bio)
Brain development, strength, flexibility.
Environment’s impact on motor development
Facilitating maturation
can look at this in different cultures.
Babies in walkers walk later because although they are learning different action pattersn, they arent learning balance or to hold their weight.
Dynamic Systems Theory
1- Maturation
2- Affordances in environment
3- Coordination of multiple skills
4- Infant motivation
Visual Cliff Adolph Article
Coded for success (getting toy on other side), falling (falling into the gap), avoidance and reaching (trying to get toy).
Results - avoidance goes up steeply in sitting when compared to crawling. When crawling they are less likely to try.
Reaching showed interest, both were interested in getting the toy even if not going to try and cross gap. Sitting, avoided closely to the risk of falling. Crawling, avoidance was lower than (not closely associated) to risk of falling (not as good of a judge of ability to cross).
88% of crawlers who fell in once tried again (not enough exp to figure it out that they couldnt cross the gap).
