Early Social Cognition Flashcards
Social Referencing
FIst way to learn about world, reference partner (parent) for their response to learn about how to respond or if they are safe. Can start at 6 months.
Social Cognition
Thinking about other peoples goals, intentions, emotions. Very demanding skill to develop in life.
Emotional evesdropping
Looking at adults emotional response (even to items they cant currently play with) nd respond similarly. (also works with people)
Joint attention
Shared perceptual exploation (ex: We both are aware and studying same object/item/person, usally verbal explanation of what child is seeing. Combination of verbal and visual is best)
Human minds
Others preferences?
Look at goals of actions not just the action itself by about 18 months babies can separate own from others performances. Desire psychology.
False beliefs - Baillargeon et al.
Typically at age 4 they can understand. But until then they believe that everyone knows everything that they know.
Violation of expectation
seeing if babys are surprised when I dont follow expectations.
Anticipatory looking
If they understand what I do and dont know they should look where they expect me to go (look for items)
False beliefs Baillargeon results
When false belief is acted on the baby looks longer when they expect them to look in a different box.
Why? - in 2nd year babys get subsystem 1 (understand goals and attributions of others, can understand stuff that is reality congruent)
Subsystem 2 comes later (can understand stuff that is reality incongruent, can hold own and others representations in mind at the same time.) They need this to verbally pass the test.
Executive control
age 4
infants and toddlers are thought to be bad at suppressing own knowledge, this is required to pass false belief tests.
Warneken and Tomasello - Prosocial behavior in babys
14 month olds, compared to 18 and 24 month olds kids.
Positive Method - researcher never made eye contact or spoke real words. (Important so that we can see if they actually have prosocial behaviors or if they feel societal pressure.)
Control condition for all tasks where there is a goal but they dont seem unable to continue without assistance. Good to make sure that they dont just like doing behaviors that we see as prosocial.
Results- for out of reach there was a clear difference. Everything else (more complicated non-pick up tasks) was less likely to be done.
Complex tasks were probably less likely probably due to the lack of knowledge and practice in that behavior. However, picking up items is very familiar to them.
end note: familiarity with behaviors is key to doing pro-social behaviors.
