Cognitive Development Flashcards
Piaget Stages
Born with nothing but basic tools for exploration, move through stages of interacting with the world.
More up to next stages when we have enough info.
Information processing - no stages, we have gradual and continuous increase in experience, understanding and skills.
Infant and toddler IQ tests
Dont actually act as a good IQ for later on in life, but are good for seeing potential handie caps later on in life.
Core knowledge
Come with inate info in very important moduals. This is how we have conceptual knowledge on language, numbers, physics, etc. Comes in areas where it is adaptive for us to already know.
assimilating
use existing schemes to adjust new info from world to fit our existing schema.
accommodating
adjusting our actions/exploration/scheme to fit the new invironment/experiene.
THis is where Piaget would say we are cognitively growing.
Object Permanence
Idea that objects still exist even when we cannot see it. Children develop it around 11-12 months.
Piaget tested for this. We cover it and see how baby responds. Young infants loose interest as if toy is gone. Older infants will look for toy. More recent research shows we have object permenence earlier, but we dont have all the motor skills and attentional drive to pass.
Invisible displacement test
Hiding under a hand and then moving under a cloth. Doesn’t see the change from hand to cloth. Pass around 24 months.
Sobel & Kireham - Causal Problem SOlving
Piaget said 18-24 months was mental combinations stage- this is probably why they chose the age group for the bicket tests. The test supports Piaget’s mental combination stage theory.
Results- trial 1. 19 & 24 month olds resuts were pretty much the same. They got it correct most of the time.
- 19 month olds are 50% likely to get it right. 24 month olds are able to make an inference about some things they didnt see.
- 19 and 24 month olds both seem to be using chance, havent developed the ability to make the extra associative reasoning step yet.
What we learned: They can make inferences, trial 2 shows that 19 month olds may have a hard time inhibiting imitation of behavior.
Second study - when you are just looking at baby eye movements its hard to say what this means.
Autobiographical memory
high debate due to mystery. Adults dont remember before age 4 (infant amnesia),.
Research shows age before 4 is the offset of infantile amnesia. However, young kids can remember when they were younger (about 18m-4yr have autobib memory).
Mystery is about where did these memories go? What makes memories memorable?
Howe et al - Autobib memory article
keys to memory are self and language.
cross sequential designed study 15-24 months old.
Measured self and language (vocab if they used self referential language (I))
Accessed this by having them play with and put doll to bed in a file cabinet drawer. 3, 6 or 12 months later they asked verbally the kids to find the doll.
Found self was key. Age didnt matter, lang wasnt a predictor, but in earlier studies it was.
