Sensation, Perception And Consciousness

Question 1

Explain the primary receptor and stimulus for vision.

Answer 1

Eye- light receptive ganglion cells in retina.

Light- electromagnetic wave forms.

Question 2

Explain the primary receptor and stimulus for audition

Answer 2

Ear- Tim panic membrane, hair cells, origin of corti,

Changes in air pressure,

Question 3

Explain the primary receptor and stimulus for somatory sensory (touch)

Answer 3

Skin- various mechanoreceptors,

Mechanical pressure,deformation of the skin, changes in temperature.

Question 4

Explain the primary receptor and stimulus for gaustation (taste)

Answer 4

Tongue- taste buds in papillae,

Changes in substances dissolved in saliva

Question 5

Explain the primary receptor and stimulus for olfaction (smell)

Answer 5

Nose- silia in the mucus layer of the epithelium; top of nose and back of throat.

Airborne substances dissolved in mucus lining

Question 6

What are rods?

Answer 6

Responsible for vision at low light levels ( scotopic vision)

Doesn’t mediate colour vision or low spacial activity

Question 7

What are cones?

Answer 7

Active at higher light levels (photopic vision) capable of colour vision and high spacial activity.

Question 8

What is mesopic?

Answer 8

Light levels where both cones and rods operate.

Question 9

How does vision happen?

Answer 9

Sensory info captured,
Converted to electrical energy,
Info transferred to cells that form optic nerve, 
Synaptic transmission occurs for vision,
Occipital lobe first in strait cortex,
Then temporal region
Then parietal lobe

Question 10

What does the parietal lobe do in vision?

Answer 10

Guides visual motor action

Question 11

What is perception?

Answer 11

Experimental conscious component of what we see,hear, feel, taste, smell of sensation.

Question 12

What did Matlin and Foley 1992 find?

Answer 12

Physical stimuli is rich in info,
Human sensory system good at getting info
Concepts shape perception.

Question 13

What is the mcgurk effect?

Answer 13

Senses work together to help perceive the world.
Brain fuses information together to make sense of it.
Illusion happens when auditory component of 1 sound is paired with visual companant of another to make perception of third sound

Question 14

What’s the easy problem?

Answer 14

Where does it come from?

Brain activity, activity in brain for stimuli we process with and without awareness.

Question 15

What’s the hard problem?

Answer 15

How, where, why?

How does brain activity become conscious awareness?
Where does it come from?

Question 16

What’s the information flow?

Answer 16

Sensory input, matching process, sorted knowledge and perception and naming

Question 17

What can information flow be?

Answer 17

Either bottom up or top down

Question 18

What’s the bottom up approach to information flow?

Answer 18

Begins with sensory input,

Perception built by low level knowledge

Question 19

What is the top down approach in information flow?

Answer 19

High cognitive influences,

Knowledge and experience influence our perceptions

Question 20

What’s the experimental cog approach?

Answer 20

Controls the variables to study 1 particular variable/ dry stem.
Structures of brain deduced indirectly

Question 21

What’s is cog neuropsychology?

Answer 21

Brain injuries or abnormalities,

Small samples, relies on double dissociation comparing patients

Question 22

What are selective attentional processes?

Answer 22

Affects how much of what we process we are aware of

Question 23

What are problems with selective attentional processes?

Answer 23

Vegetative states of sleep-

Patients with limited brain activity have some level of conscious.

Respond to stimuli might learn in our sleep

Question 24

What is the binding problem?

Answer 24

If information is broken down how is it put back together?

Synchrony, weak structural functionalism, selective attention, gestalt- pragnanz

Question 25

What is synchrony?

Answer 25

Precise synchrony- timing of single cell firing to time stamp info, a lot of effort

General synchrony- general pattern of cell firing is used to bind- loss of detail.

Question 26

What is weak structural functionalism?

Answer 26

Some cells do multiple tasks

Question 27

What is selective attention?

Answer 27

Process things/ events together so are bound together

Question 28

What is Gestalt Pragnanz?

Answer 28

Laws for putting info together in a coherent way

Simularity- similar things go together.

Question 29

Why are we conscious?

Answer 29

Perceptual- perceiving environment may help you interact with it better.

Social communication- understanding and interacting with others.

Action control- interact and make decisions.

Info integration- reflect on experiences.