Attention

Question 1

What’s the bottom up approach?

Answer 1

Alertness e.no loud noise,
Reflective attention e.g bright light,
Spotlight attention and visual search.

Question 2

What’s the top down attention?

Answer 2

Selective attention- choose whether to look or listen

Question 3

What is the retina?

Answer 3

Made up of photoreceptor cells. Broken Into two areas: the fovea and parafovea

Question 4

What is the fovea?

Answer 4

Most are cones, high concentration of cone photoreceptors

Question 5

What is the parafovea?

Answer 5

Less cells, mostly rods. Works well in low light

Question 6

How does the eye work?

Answer 6

Acuity drops when something appears from centre of the retina,

Brain fills in gap by frequent eye movements and holds visual info,

Question 7

When does acuity happen?

Answer 7

Highest at centre of retina

Question 8

What are saccadic supressions?

Answer 8

Where brain selectivity blocks visual processing during eye movements but isn’t noticeable to viewer.

Eye travels up to 900 visual degrees per second.
Lasts up to 50ms

Question 9

What is attended information?

Answer 9

Info in or around the fovea

Question 10

What is unattended information?

Answer 10

Everything else

Is called overt attention.

Question 11

What is overt attention?

Answer 11

Using fovea, slow, 3-4 saccades per second.

Question 12

What is Covert attention?

Answer 12

Faster- 50ms to shift.

Question 13

What are the two primary themes?

Answer 13

Capacity limitation and selective or focused attention.

Question 14

What is capacity limitation?

Answer 14

Limited ability to carry out various mental operations at the same time

Question 15

What is divided attention?

Answer 15

Ability to undertake several tasks at once.

Question 16

What did Welford 1952 do?

Answer 16

Presented two sounds, reaction time to 2nd stimulus depends on how close it is presented to first stimulus.

The closer the presentation the slower the reaction time.

Question 17

What is meant by zoom lens?

Answer 17

Attentions is directed to a given region of the visual field- can be increased or decreased.

Question 18

What is inattentional blindness?

Answer 18

Identifying something irrelevant to the task

Question 19

What did Resnick 2000 find?

Answer 19

Change blindness suggests there’s a failure of visual short term memory- can compare between scenes.

May be a limit in the number of items we can hold in memory.

Question 20

What did Luck and Vogel 1997 find?

Answer 20

Measured short term memory. 1-12 colour patches shown.

Asked to look for a change in orientation colour or both,
No difference in performance, VSTM for objects not features