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Psych - 11th Grade > Sensation & Perception > Flashcards

Sensation & Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

The process by which you detect physical energy from your environment and encode it as neural signals

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2
Q

Perception

A

The process that organizes sensory input and makes it meaningful

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3
Q

Psychophysics

A

The study of the relationship between physical energy and psychological experiences

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4
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The weakest level of a stimulus that can be correctly detected at least half the time

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5
Q

Signal detection theory

A

There is no actual absolute threshold because the threshold changes with a variety of factors (fatigue, attention, etc)

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6
Q

Subliminal stimulation

A

The receipt of messages that are below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness

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7
Q

Difference threshold

A

The minimum difference between any two stimuli that a person can detect 50% of the time

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8
Q

Ernst Weber =

A

Just noticeable difference (jnd)

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9
Q

Just noticeable difference (jnd)

A

How much you can add before you notice it

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10
Q

Weber’s Law

A

Difference thresholds increase in proportion to the size of the stimulus

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11
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Permits you to focus your attention on informative changes in your environments without being distracted by irrelevant data such as odors or background noises

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12
Q

Receptors

A

Tranduce energy from one form to another

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13
Q

Transduction

A

Refers to the transformation of stimulus energy to the electrochemical energy of neural impulses

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14
Q

Visual information first processed by

A

Occipital lobes

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15
Q

Auditory information first processed by

A

Temporal lobes

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16
Q

Body senses first processed by

A

Parietal lobes

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17
Q

Smell first processed by

A

Lower portion of the frontal lobes

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18
Q

Rods and cones are

A

Photoreceptors that convert light energy to electrochemical neural impulses

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19
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent tissue in the front of your eye

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20
Q

Near-sighted

A

Near objects are seen more clearly

21
Q

Far-sighted

A

Distant objects are seen more clearly

22
Q

Astigmatism

A

Caused by an irregularity in the shape of the cornea and/or lens

Distorts and blurs the image at the retina

23
Q

Dark adaptation

A

Gradual increase in sensitivity to the low level of light

24
Q

Bipolar cells

A

Rods and cones with a second layer of neurons in front of them in your retina

25
Q

Visual acuity is also called

A

Resolution

26
Q

Ganglion cells

A

Bipolar cells transmit impulses to another layer of neurons in front of them in your retina

27
Q

Axons of ganglion cells form the

A

Optic nerve, the blind spot

28
Q

Feature detectors

A

Respond only to specific features of visual stimuli

29
Q

Parallel processing

A

Simultaneous processing of stimulus elements

30
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

Three different types of photoreceptors are each most sensitive to a different range of wavelengths

31
Q

Most common type of color blindness is

A

Red-green (sex linked, males more likely to have it)

32
Q

Ewald Hering’s opponent-process theory

A

Certain neurons can be either excited or inhibited, depending on the wavelength of light, and complementary wavelengths have opposite effects

33
Q

Audition

A

Sense of hearing

34
Q

How do you hear?

A

Sound waves result from the mechanical vibrations of molecules -> vibrations move in a medium (like air) -> they compress and expand

35
Q

The greater the compression the ____ the amplitude

A

Larger

36
Q

Amplitude

A

The height of the sound wave

37
Q

dB =

A

Decibels

38
Q

Frequency

A

The number of compete wavelengths that pass a point in a second

39
Q

Hz =

A

Hertz

40
Q

Pitch

A

The highness or lowness of a sound

41
Q

Timbre

A

Difference in the purity of the wave form or mixture of the sound waves

42
Q

Ossicles

A

Hammer, anvil, and stirrup

43
Q

Sound localization

A

Process by which you determine the location of a sound

44
Q

Place theory

A

The position on the basilar membrane at which waves reach their peak depends on the frequency of a tone

45
Q

Frequency theory

A

The rate of neural impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, enabling you to sense it’s pitch

46
Q

Individual neurons can fire at a maximum of _____ times per second

A

1000

47
Q

Conduction deafness

A

A loss of hearing that results when the eardrum is punctured or any of the ossicles lose their ability to vibrate

48
Q

Nerve (sensorineural) deafness

A

Results from damage to the cochlea, hair cells, or auditory neurons

Psych - 11th Grade (4 decks)

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