Sensation and Perception (Pt. 2)

Question 1

Distal stimulus (thing in world) when reflected with light is perceived as…

Answer 1

proximal stimulus (retinal image).

Question 2

retinal image

Answer 2

stimulation of receptors produce sensations of brightnesses and colors

Question 3

Light sensations must be interpreted as…

Answer 3

objects.

Question 4

Perception is knowledge of the world and…

Answer 4

experience of objects and events based on sensations.

Question 5

Perception doesn’t happen in the eye, it happens in…

Answer 5

the brain.

Question 6

inverted

Answer 6

image of object is upside-down on retina

Question 7

ambiguous (size and distance trade off)

Answer 7

close-up small object has same image size as far-off large object

Question 8

two-dimensional

Answer 8

image is flattened, but objects are three-dimensional solids

Question 9

Depth perception utilizes…

Answer 9

retinal image + cues along with knowledge structures/inferences.

Question 10

Depth perception is learned from…

Answer 10

experience.

Question 11

Depth perception was developed by…

Answer 11

Hermann von Helmholtz.

Question 12

We infer distance of an object using…

Answer 12

retinal image and learned experience (perception).

Question 13

Form perception ultilizes…

Answer 13

retinal image + innate laws of organization.

Question 14

Form perception was developed by…

Answer 14

Gestalt.

Question 15

Depth perception asks…

Answer 15

how far away an object is.

Question 16

Form perception asks…

Answer 16

how do we organize the retinal image into a collection of objects.

Question 17

Principles of perceptual organization include…

Answer 17

(1) grouping by proximity, (2) grouping by similarity, (3) good continuation, and (4) closure.

Question 18

apparent motion

Answer 18

stimulus present in two locations within short time interval is seen as one moving stimulus though there is no moving stimulus

Question 19

grouping by proximity

Answer 19

objects or shapes that are close to one another appear to form groups

Question 20

grouping by similarity

Answer 20

when things appear similar to each other, we group them together

Question 21

good continuation

Answer 21

figures with edges that are smooth are more likely seen as continuous than edges that have abrupt/sharp edges

Question 22

closure

Answer 22

filling in blanks to perceive a complete object

Question 23

empiricism

Answer 23

emphasis on role of learning from experience in world

Question 24

nativism

Answer 24

emphasis on role of innate knowledge