Sensation and Perception (Pt. 2) Flashcards
Distal stimulus (thing in world) when reflected with light is perceived as…
proximal stimulus (retinal image).
retinal image
stimulation of receptors produce sensations of brightnesses and colors
Light sensations must be interpreted as…
objects.
Perception is knowledge of the world and…
experience of objects and events based on sensations.
Perception doesn’t happen in the eye, it happens in…
the brain.
inverted
image of object is upside-down on retina
ambiguous (size and distance trade off)
close-up small object has same image size as far-off large object
two-dimensional
image is flattened, but objects are three-dimensional solids
Depth perception utilizes…
retinal image + cues along with knowledge structures/inferences.
Depth perception is learned from…
experience.
Depth perception was developed by…
Hermann von Helmholtz.
We infer distance of an object using…
retinal image and learned experience (perception).
Form perception ultilizes…
retinal image + innate laws of organization.
Form perception was developed by…
Gestalt.
Depth perception asks…
how far away an object is.
Form perception asks…
how do we organize the retinal image into a collection of objects.
Principles of perceptual organization include…
(1) grouping by proximity, (2) grouping by similarity, (3) good continuation, and (4) closure.
apparent motion
stimulus present in two locations within short time interval is seen as one moving stimulus though there is no moving stimulus
grouping by proximity
objects or shapes that are close to one another appear to form groups
grouping by similarity
when things appear similar to each other, we group them together
good continuation
figures with edges that are smooth are more likely seen as continuous than edges that have abrupt/sharp edges
closure
filling in blanks to perceive a complete object
empiricism
emphasis on role of learning from experience in world
nativism
emphasis on role of innate knowledge
